后殖民语境下《砖巷》的东方主义倾向
发布时间：2018-12-17 07:31
【摘要】：莫妮卡·阿里是英国少数族裔文学的杰出代表,其处女作《砖巷》由于其对孟加拉裔移民的生活状态的细腻描述和全景式展示而登上了各种奖项的榜单。该小说以孟加拉女孩纳兹奈恩的生活轨迹为线索,描述了哈西娜等孟加拉女性的本土生存空间以及纳兹奈恩、查努等孟加拉移民在伦敦砖巷地区的生活状态。小说中人物角色的不同命运赋予了该小说强烈的东方主义倾向。作者在小说中以书信和回忆的方式对比展示了孟加拉社会的今昔,使英国和孟加拉形成鲜明地对比,英国社会发达、思想平等开放、孟加拉社会落后、思想专制闭塞,同时,砖巷地区在小说中也经历了一系列改变,这些改变也暗示了西方文化的优越性和进步性及其充当东方拯救者的能力。 本文拟用爱德华·赛义德的东方主义理论从人物角色、宗教和小说的社会环境三方面对《砖巷》的东方主义倾向进行细读分析。与其他的文学批评理论相比,东方主义理论更强调文本的政治性和社会环境对作家意识形态的影响。因此本文拟进一步分析造成《砖巷》中强烈的东方主义倾向的原因：作家本身的杂糅身份、西方根深蒂固的东方主义思想以及作家所处的社会现状和思想动态。 论文共包含六部分。第一部分简要介绍作家莫妮卡·阿里的生平履历及代表作品概况。第二部分回顾了国内外学术界对《砖巷》的研究现状,阐述了本论文的研究意义。第三部分对本文拟采用的后殖民理论和东方主义理论作简要介绍。第四部分采用文本细读的方式分析小说中的东方主义倾向。首先通过对比纳兹奈恩和哈西娜两人由于生活环境不同而导致的迥然不同的生活轨迹和命运,揭示出小说隐含的西方文化优于东方文化的主题；其次对小说中男性角色查努和卡里姆进行对比分析以揭示出作者对男性角色的塑造同样具有东方特色——被阉割的他者；再次是对小说中的伊斯兰的宗教形象进行分析,试图证明阿里对伊斯兰教的描述同样是迎合了欧洲东方主义学者的对伊斯兰的刻板表述。最后是小说展示的社会环境：(一)、查努想象中的古老的辉煌的孟加拉和哈西娜的信中和纳兹奈恩记忆中的贫穷、落后、封建,堕落的孟加拉并置,突出了古今东方的强烈反差,塑造了东方作为被拯救者的形象。(二)、骚乱前后砖巷地区的对比进一步突出了小说的东方主义特色——古老的东方到了近代就变成了没落的贵族,只有西方文明才能引导它实现文明和现代化。第五部分探索了阿里的《砖巷》中东方主义倾向的成因。阿里本人身上具有的东西混杂的文化背景、从古至今的东方学学者建立起来的东方主义传统以及后9/11时代的社会形势都对作者的小说创作产生了不可估量的影响。最后结尾部分对论文前几部分进行了回顾和总结,进一步引导读者理解《砖巷》的东方主义主题及其成因。
[Abstract]:Monica Ali is an outstanding representative of British minority literature. Her debut, Brick Lane, is on the list of awards for its detailed description of the state of life of Bangladeshi immigrants and its panoramic display. The novel takes the life track of Bengal girl Naznairn as a clue and describes the native living space of Bengali women such as Hasina and the living conditions of Bengali immigrants such as Naznairn and Chanu in the brick alleys of London. The different fates of the characters in the novel endow the novel with a strong orientalism. The author contrasts the present and past of Bangladeshi society with letters and memories, which makes Britain and Bangladesh in sharp contrast. The British society is developed, the thought is equal and open, the Bengali society is backward, the ideology is despotic, and at the same time, The Brick Lane area also experienced a series of changes in the novel, which also implied the superiority and progressiveness of western culture and its ability to act as the savior of the East. This paper uses Edward said's Orientalism theory to analyze the Orientalism tendency of Brick Lane from three aspects: character, religion and the social environment of the novel. Compared with other theories of literary criticism, Orientalism emphasizes the influence of the political and social environment of the text on the writer's ideology. Therefore, this paper intends to further analyze the causes of the strong orientalism tendency in Brick Lane: the mixed identity of the writer itself, the deep-rooted orientalism thought in the West, and the social situation and ideological dynamics in which the writer is living. The thesis consists of six parts. The first part briefly introduces the life history and representative works of writer Monica Ali. The second part reviews the research status of brick lane at home and abroad, and expounds the significance of this paper. The third part briefly introduces the post-colonial theory and orientalism theory. The fourth part analyzes Orientalism tendency in the novel by the way of text reading. Firstly, by comparing the different life paths and fates caused by the difference of living environment between Naznairn and Hasina, this paper reveals the theme that the western culture is superior to the oriental culture. Secondly, a comparative analysis of the male characters Chaanu and Karim in the novel reveals that the author's portrayal of the male characters has the same oriental characteristics-the other who is castrated; The third is to analyze the religious image of Islam in the novel, trying to prove that Ali's description of Islam also caters to the stereotype of Islam by European oriental scholars. The last is the social context of the novel: (1) the ancient brilliant letters of Chanu and Hasina and the memory of poverty, backwardness, feudalism, and depravity of Bengal. It highlights the strong contrast between ancient and modern Orient and shapes the image of the Orient as the savior. (2) the contrast between brick alleys before and after the riots further accentuates the orientalism of the novel: the ancient East became a declining aristocrat in modern times, and only Western civilization can lead it to civilization and modernization. The fifth part explores the causes of orientalism in Ali's Brick Lane. The mixed cultural background of Ali himself, the orientalism tradition established by the oriental scholars from ancient times to the present and the social situation in the post-9 / 11 era all have an inestimable influence on the author's novel creation. At the end of the paper, the author reviews and summarizes the first parts of the paper, and further leads the readers to understand the Orientalism theme and its causes.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I561.074
[Abstract]:Monica Ali is an outstanding representative of British minority literature. Her debut, Brick Lane, is on the list of awards for its detailed description of the state of life of Bangladeshi immigrants and its panoramic display. The novel takes the life track of Bengal girl Naznairn as a clue and describes the native living space of Bengali women such as Hasina and the living conditions of Bengali immigrants such as Naznairn and Chanu in the brick alleys of London. The different fates of the characters in the novel endow the novel with a strong orientalism. The author contrasts the present and past of Bangladeshi society with letters and memories, which makes Britain and Bangladesh in sharp contrast. The British society is developed, the thought is equal and open, the Bengali society is backward, the ideology is despotic, and at the same time, The Brick Lane area also experienced a series of changes in the novel, which also implied the superiority and progressiveness of western culture and its ability to act as the savior of the East. This paper uses Edward said's Orientalism theory to analyze the Orientalism tendency of Brick Lane from three aspects: character, religion and the social environment of the novel. Compared with other theories of literary criticism, Orientalism emphasizes the influence of the political and social environment of the text on the writer's ideology. Therefore, this paper intends to further analyze the causes of the strong orientalism tendency in Brick Lane: the mixed identity of the writer itself, the deep-rooted orientalism thought in the West, and the social situation and ideological dynamics in which the writer is living. The thesis consists of six parts. The first part briefly introduces the life history and representative works of writer Monica Ali. The second part reviews the research status of brick lane at home and abroad, and expounds the significance of this paper. The third part briefly introduces the post-colonial theory and orientalism theory. The fourth part analyzes Orientalism tendency in the novel by the way of text reading. Firstly, by comparing the different life paths and fates caused by the difference of living environment between Naznairn and Hasina, this paper reveals the theme that the western culture is superior to the oriental culture. Secondly, a comparative analysis of the male characters Chaanu and Karim in the novel reveals that the author's portrayal of the male characters has the same oriental characteristics-the other who is castrated; The third is to analyze the religious image of Islam in the novel, trying to prove that Ali's description of Islam also caters to the stereotype of Islam by European oriental scholars. The last is the social context of the novel: (1) the ancient brilliant letters of Chanu and Hasina and the memory of poverty, backwardness, feudalism, and depravity of Bengal. It highlights the strong contrast between ancient and modern Orient and shapes the image of the Orient as the savior. (2) the contrast between brick alleys before and after the riots further accentuates the orientalism of the novel: the ancient East became a declining aristocrat in modern times, and only Western civilization can lead it to civilization and modernization. The fifth part explores the causes of orientalism in Ali's Brick Lane. The mixed cultural background of Ali himself, the orientalism tradition established by the oriental scholars from ancient times to the present and the social situation in the post-9 / 11 era all have an inestimable influence on the author's novel creation. At the end of the paper, the author reviews and summarizes the first parts of the paper, and further leads the readers to understand the Orientalism theme and its causes.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I561.074
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