《少年派的奇幻漂流》的文学伦理学解读

发布时间：2018-12-21 07:09

【摘要】：扬·马特尔是一位21世纪初声名鹊起的加拿大作家。《少年派的奇幻漂流》出版于2001年,是扬·马特尔的第二部小说,并于2002年荣获英国曼布克文学奖等多项国际大奖。这部小说被翻译成四十多种语言,畅销全球。2012年,这部小说被著名华裔导演李安改编成同名电影,更掀起了对这部作品的讨论热潮。自从《少年派的奇幻漂流》出版伊始,就引起了读者和评论界的广泛兴趣。国内外对扬·马特尔这部作品的研究视角主要有以下几个方面：精神分析,生态批评,后殖民主义,叙事手法,动物隐喻等等。仅有两篇论文关注了小说的伦理主题,但是目前为止还没有文章或论文从文学伦理学批评的角度对《少年派的奇幻漂流》这部作品进行系统的研究。文学伦理学批评理论是本文主要的理论依据,同时结合弗洛伊德精神分析学理论及约翰·希克的宗教多元主义理论,着眼于小说中主人公成长过程中理性获得到野性的出现再到理性的回归的过程分析。讨论主人公不同成长时期,由于斯芬克斯因子的不同组合和变化,导致他不同的行为特征和性格表现从而产生的不同的伦理冲突。围绕小说主人公不同成长时期,斯芬克斯因子的不同组合和变化,论文首先分析了少年派儿时的成长背景,在自然,父母及老师和宗教的影响下,少年派逐渐把自己与动物区分开来。经过伦理启蒙阶段,产生了伦理意识并进入了伦理选择的阶段。其次,分析了海难之后,少年派心理上从理性到野性的过程。从文学伦理学批评的角度解读老虎出现以及派用动物版本的故事代替人的故事的深层次原因并讨论在此过程中派的伦理选择。最后,分析派的理性意识复苏并最终回归人类社会的过程。分析派最终实现心灵救赎,老虎重归丛林的深层次原因并对其中派的伦理选择过程进行分析解读。本论文运用文学伦理学批评中的斯芬克斯因子对主人公理性获得,理性到野性,再到理性的回归过程中所做的伦理选择,进行伦理角度的深度分析。扬·马特尔对主人公理性成长过程中斯芬克斯因子的组合变化的探索旨在说明人类的理性成长过程中,即使在某些极端情况下,人性因子也可以驯服兽性因子,并且在此过程中信仰的作用不可或缺的。
[Abstract]:Jan Martel is a Canadian writer who rose to fame at the beginning of the 21st century. The Fantasy Drift of Juvenile Pie was published in 2001. It is the second novel by Jan Martel and won many international awards such as the British Mambuk Prize for Literature in 2002. The novel, which has been translated into more than 40 languages and sold well all over the world, was adapted into a film of the same name by famous Chinese director Ang Lee in 2012, prompting a heated discussion of the work. Ever since the publication of the Adolescent Fantasy Drift, it has attracted a wide range of interest from readers and critics. There are several aspects in the study of this work, such as psychoanalysis, ecological criticism, post-colonialism, narrative techniques, animal metaphor and so on. Only two papers focus on the ethical theme of the novel, but so far, there are no articles or papers on the literary ethics criticism of the work of "Fantasy drifting of Juvenile School" is systematically studied. The critical theory of literary ethics is the main theoretical basis of this paper, combined with Freud psychoanalysis theory and John Hick's religious pluralism theory. This paper focuses on the analysis of the process from the emergence of rationality to the emergence of wildness and then to the return of rationality in the process of the protagonist's growth. This paper discusses the different ethical conflicts resulting from the different combinations and changes of the Sphinx factor in the different growth periods of the protagonist. Focusing on the different combinations and changes of the Sphinx factor in different growing periods of the protagonist, the paper first analyzes the background of the growth of the juvenile school, under the influence of nature, parents, teachers and religion. The juvenile school gradually distinguished itself from the animals. After the stage of ethical enlightenment, the ethical consciousness and the stage of ethical choice have emerged. Secondly, it analyzes the psychological process of juvenile school from rational to wild after the shipwreck. From the point of view of literary ethics criticism, this paper interprets the deep-seated reasons for the emergence of tigers and the use of animal versions of stories instead of human stories and discusses the ethical choices of the schools in the process. Finally, the rational consciousness of the school recovers and finally returns to the process of human society. The deep reasons why the analytic school finally realizes the spiritual salvation and the tiger returns to the jungle are analyzed and interpreted. This paper uses the Sphinx factor in the literary ethics criticism to analyze the ethical choices made by the protagonists in the process of rational acquisition, rationality to the wild, and then to the rational return. Jan Martel's exploration of the combination changes of the Sphinx factor in the process of the protagonist's rational growth aims to show that in the process of human rational growth, even in some extreme circumstances, the human nature factor can tame the animal factor. And in this process the role of faith is indispensable.
【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：I711.074

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