《达罗卫夫人》存在主义的叙事分析

发布时间：2019-05-28 22:25

【摘要】：作为英国文学史上杰出的现代主义作家，弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫在学术界享有极高声誉，而她众多杰出作品之一的《达罗卫夫人》也对她同时代以及后世作者产生了深远影响。为开创新型的写作模式，伍尔夫力图摒弃传统的写作方式，试图以一种革新的方式进行文学创作：在其作品中，伍尔夫大量运用意识流写作手法，并且拒绝将全知叙述作为她小说中的主导型叙事模式；此外，伍尔夫非常注重对人物内心世界的刻画，而不是像传统小说家那样过多关注外在世界的纪实描述。《达罗卫夫人》这部曾被西方评论界认为是伍尔夫最成功的小说，淋漓极致地展示了伍尔夫在运用革新创作手法上的娴熟技巧。自《达罗卫夫人》问世以来，这部小说就成为中外学者的经典研究话题。迄今为止，《达罗卫夫人》已被不计其数的学者研究，悉数当下众多研究方法，叙事研究、女性主义研究以及存在主义研究占绝大部分。然而，虽然解读方式种类繁多，且具体侧重点不尽相同，但是从几个角度同时来进行作品分析的研究为数并不是很多。本论文试图借助德国著名哲学家马丁·海德格尔的存在主义理论并结合申丹教授的叙事理论(内聚焦，自由间接引语，不可靠叙述)去重读《达罗卫夫人》，力图证明小说中女主人公克拉丽莎的心路成长历程同海德格尔的存在主义理论发展脉络（“自我意识”→“本真性”的缺失：异化→“本真性”的回归）相符合的观点。本文的叙事分析分为三个部分：在第一部分，通过对小说中内聚焦的分析，小说中女主人公在其少女时代的成长同海德格尔存在主义哲学中的“自我意识”部分正好符合：“本是”以“是于世中”的姿态存在着并有着明确的“是”的能力；在分析的第二部分，笔者主要运用内聚焦、自由间接引语以及不可靠叙述理论来分析小说女主人公的第二成长阶段，通过对这一阶段的分析笔者揭示出女主人公在这一阶段的表现与海德格尔存在主义哲学中的“本真性的缺失”部分契合度高：“本是”在“是于世中”的过程中，由于自身的“异化”逐渐走向“沉沦”；在分析的第三部分，通过对小说中内聚焦和自由间接引语的分析，再度验证小说中女主人公在这一人生阶段的成长同海德格尔存在主义哲学中的“本真性”的回归部分有着极高的相关性：“本是”通过不断地努力终于克服自身的“异化”并重新回归其本真性状态。通过对《达罗卫夫人》存在主义的叙事分析，笔者认为叙事理论（如内聚焦，自由间接引语）可以运用于女性成长阶段的分析，通过叙事分析笔者发现海德格尔的存在主义可以同女性的成长历程达到很好的结合：在文中女性成长的初始阶段，，女主人公自我意识浓厚；在其成长第二阶段，女主人公逐渐迷失自我；在其最后阶段，女主人公再度构建她的自我。结合海德格尔的存在主义哲学，笔者认识到小说中女性的成长历程正好同存在主义理论的发展脉络达到逐一对应：“自我意识”→“本真性”的缺失：异化→“本真性”的回归。因此，基于以上分析笔者认为海德格尔的存在主义哲学可以运用于女性成长的分析中。
[Abstract]:As an outstanding modernism writer in the history of English literature, Virginia Woolf has a very high reputation in the academic world, and Mrs. , trying to prove that the development of Clarissa's heart-way in the novel is the same as that of Heidegger's theory of the development of the theory of existentialism. The narrative analysis of this paper is divided into three parts: in the first part, through the analysis of the internal focus in the novel, the female protagonist in the novel is in the development of the young female age and the "self-awareness" part of the Heidegger's Existentialism philosophy In the second part of the analysis, the author uses the theory of internal focus, free indirect and unreliable narrative to analyze the second of the protagonist in the novel. In the long stage, through the analysis of this stage, the author reveals that the female protagonist's performance in this stage is high with the "the absence of the authenticity of the present invention" part in the Heidegger's Existentialist philosophy: in the course of the "be in the world", the "dissimilation" of the "It's" is gradually moving towards the "to sink"; and in the analysis, The three parts, through the analysis of the inner focus and the free indirect speech in the novel, re-verify the growth of the heroine in this life stage and the return part of the "authenticity" in the Heidegger's Existentialist philosophy. Relevance: The "It's" has managed to finally overcome its own "dissimilation" and to return to its true nature The author thinks that the narrative theory, such as internal focus and free indirect, can be applied to the growth of the female. Through the analysis of the stage, the author finds that Heidegger's Existentialism can be combined with the development of women: in the initial stage of the female's growth, the protagonist's self-consciousness is strong; in the second stage of its growth, the protagonist is gradually lost; in the second stage of the development of the female, the protagonist is gradually lost. in that final stage, the heroine again To build her own self. In combination with Heidegger's Existentialist philosophy, the author realized that the development of the female in the novel coincided with the development of the Existentialism theory one by one: the absence of self-awareness of "the true nature": the dissimilation of the "trunk>" authenicity " 【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I561.074

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