中美化学教材关于“物质的量”内容的比较研究

发布时间：2018-01-01 03:10

本文关键词：中美化学教材关于“物质的量”内容的比较研究　出处：《河南师范大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着经济全球化的发展,世界教育发展的呈现“教育国际化”的趋势,21世纪我国对基础教育进行了新一轮的改革,新课程改革的重中之重则是教材,教材是帮助学生自主学习的工具,同时也是影响教育水平的重要因素。与此同时,“物质的量”这一部分内容作为化学概念中的一个重要的“节点”,贯穿于整个高中化学知识体系中,是连接宏观与微观、定性与定量的桥梁,也是学生从义务教育进入高中学习的一个难点,若是处理不当,就会对后续的学习产生一定影响。通过对美国化学教材和我国现行三个版本化学教材的比较分析,得出美国化学教材的特点,为我国教材的编写寻求启示。研究主要是对美国化学教材和我国现行三个版本化学教材中“物质的量”这部分内容进行研究,研究采用的我国化学教材都是2015年出版的必修一化学教材,美国化学教材采用2008年出版的《化学:概念与应用》。研究主要应用文献研究法和比较研究法等方法,并确定了研究的教材分模型,从课程目标、教材结构体系和内容呈现三个个方面进行比较研究,得到以下六点结论:(1)国内三个版本教材对“物质的量”这部分内容的选取与现行的新课程标准的要求相符,内容选取趋于一致。而美国版在其课程标准中找不到有关“物质的量”这部分内容的要求,而且其选取的内容较多,范围广。(2)在“物质的量”这部分内容的编排上,国内三个版本略有有区别:虽然它们都将这些内容编排在教材的第一章或第一个专题中,但从整体上看知识体系的编排却有所不同。美国版将其设置在第十二章和十三章中,并创设以生活经验为起点的情境,能调动学生的有意义学习,为有意义的建构打下基础。(3)国内三个版本教材的正文内容基本上都是关于“物质的量”相关概念群的描述和公式的表达。美国版的正文内容既有“物质的量”这部分概念群的描述还有与“物质的量”内容相关的理想气体定律、理论产量、经验式等内容,强调知识的应用,注重知识的拓展。(4)人教版和苏教版的栏目数量相对鲁科版较少,美国版最多,其栏目贯穿于课前、课中、课后的每个环节,为学生的学习提供大量丰富的情境素材,能激发学生的兴趣,培养学生的科学探究能力。(5)我国三个版图表的总数量差不多,美国版中的最多,其中一多半都是来自于与生活相关的场景,采用较多具有真实性和亲切感的摄影图片,增加学生阅读的乐趣的同时也让学生有一种身临其境的感觉。(6)国内三个版本教材例题和习题的数量相当,基本上都与计算相联系,其开放性程度不高。美国版例题和习题的数量明显比国内版本都多,可能与教材把“物质的量”这部分内容单独设为一章有关,多样化的例题和习题遵循循序渐进的原则,促进学生有效掌握概念,标准化测试有利于学生能力的提升和知识的掌握。通过对比,找出美国教材的特点,希望从教材中能够吸取一些对我国教材编写有用的信息,为我国教材“物质的量”这部分内容的编写所用。
[Abstract]:With the development of economic globalization, the development of education in the world of "education internationalization" trend, in twenty-first Century China's education on the basis of a new round of reform, priority among priorities of the new curriculum reform is the teaching material, teaching is to help students autonomous learning tool, but also an important factor affecting the level of education. At the same time. The amount of substance content in this part as an important node of chemical concepts, throughout the entire high school chemistry knowledge system is connected, macro and micro, bridge of qualitative and quantitative, but also a difficulty of high school students into learning from compulsory education, if handled properly, it will produce a certain effect for the follow-up study. Through a comparative analysis of American chemistry textbooks and the present three versions of chemical materials of the characteristics that American chemistry textbooks, Chinese textbook writing to seek enlightenment. The research is mainly about the American chemistry textbooks and the present three versions in textbooks of "amount of substance" this part of our chemistry textbook research are used in a compulsory chemistry textbook published in 2015, published in 2008 by the American Chemistry Textbooks of Chemistry: concepts and Applications "method. The research mainly used the literature the research method and comparative research method, and established the research teaching model in curriculum objectives, teaching structure and content has three aspects of comparative study, draw the following six conclusions: (1) the three edition of the domestic textbook of" amount of substance "this part of the selection and the present new the curriculum standard requirements, content selection tends to be consistent. The United States version in its curriculum standard can not find the" amount of substance "this part of the requirements, and the selection of the contents of the large, wide range (2). In the "amount of substance" this part of the layout, slightly differentiated three versions of the domestic: although they are the contents in the textbook chapter or the first topic, but on the whole knowledge system arrangement is different. The American version of the set in the twelfth and thirteen chapter and, create the experience of life as a starting point of the situation, can arouse students' meaningful learning, lay the foundation for meaningful construction. (3) the content of the domestic three versions of textbooks are basically about the "amount of substance" concept group description and formula. The content of the text version of America is this part of the "amount of substance" concept group description and "amount of substance" related to the content of the ideal gas law, the theory of production, experience and other content, emphasizing the application of knowledge, pay attention to the development of the knowledge. (4) the PEP and Jiangsu section The relative number of Roucaud less, the American version of the most, the program runs through the course before class, after class each link, providing abundant situational material for students learning can stimulate students' interest, cultivate students' scientific inquiry ability. (5) the total number of China's three version of the chart is similar to the most the American version, which more than half are from the associated with the life of the scene, the more authentic and intimate photos, increase students' reading fun also let the students have a feel personally on the scene. (6) the amount of the three versions of textbooks of examples and exercises, basically with the calculation of phase, its openness degree is not high. The American version number of examples and exercises are more obvious than the domestic version of the textbook, and the "amount of substance" part of the contents of this set as a separate chapter, a variety of examples and exercises with Through the progressive principles, promote students to grasp the concept of effective, standardized testing helps students enhance the ability and knowledge. By contrast, find out the characteristics of American textbook, hope from textbooks to learn some useful information on the preparation of teaching materials in our country, for our teaching of "amount of substance" of this part written.

【学位授予单位】：河南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G633.8

【相似文献】