体育生态环境视域下张家界市初中生课外体育锻炼行为及影响因素

发布时间：2018-01-06 11:13

本文关键词：体育生态环境视域下张家界市初中生课外体育锻炼行为及影响因素　出处：《吉首大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：青少年体质健康问题是全球性的问题,体质下降、体力活动不足、运动能力水平降低成为亟待关注的问题。重视青少年体质健康,促进青少年全面发展,是全民健康基石的关键。本文研究目的在于从体育生态环境视域下,通过对张家界市初中生课外体育锻炼行为现状及其影响因素的调查试图探讨阻碍张家界市参加课外体育锻炼的主要因素,为提高张家界市初中生的体质和健康水平,也为区域青少年体育锻炼习惯的养成做出努力,以期为增强青少年终身体育锻炼意识提出积极性建议。本文主要运用文献资料法、调查法、实地考察法、数理统计法、逻辑分析法。采取分层随机抽样方法,对张家界市城镇2所初中,农村2所初中,共发放问卷720份进行调查。结果显示:(1)张家界市城乡男、女生课外体育锻炼频率都主要集中在1-2次/周,男生分别占46.40%、50.00%,女生分别占50.00%、54.20%;在课外体育锻炼频率在≥3次/周,同性别之间城镇低于农村;城乡男生之间存在显著性差异(P0.05);初二城乡女生之间具有显著性差异。(2)张家界市课外体育锻炼时间城乡男生和女生都集中在≤30分钟/次,随着锻炼时间的增加城乡男生与女生锻炼人数所占比例降低;城乡男生之间具有显著性差异(P0.05)。(3)城镇男生课外体育锻炼主要以中强度,比例为37.00%,农村男生主要小强度为主,所占比例43.20%;城乡女生主要以小强度;城乡男生课外体育锻练强度具有显著性差异(P0.05)。(4)张家界初中生在进行课外体育锻炼项目的选择上跑步居于首位。(5)张家界市不同性别城镇与农村初中生进行课外体育锻炼频率主要在1-2次/周,持续时间主要集中在≤30分钟/次,小强度为主;不同性别城镇与农村初中生在课外体育锻炼持续时间和锻炼强度具有显著性差异(P0.05)。(6)影响张家界市初中生课外体育锻炼行为中,城乡男生差异性较大(P0.05),很多因素城乡女生不具有显著性(P0.05)。(7)性别、城乡、教师态度及专业素养、玩手机,看电视及上网挤占了体育锻炼时间等对张家界市初中生经常进行课外体育锻炼具有显著性差异。研究结论(1)张家界市初中生整体参加课外体育锻炼状况处于较低阶段,课外体育锻炼水平相对不足。大部分学生虽然都能积极参与,但大都锻炼的持续时间短、运动频率低、强度小。(2)男生在课外体育锻炼频率、持续时间、锻炼强度具有显著城乡差异;城镇和农村在不同性别间课外锻炼时间、课外锻炼强度具有显著性差异。(3)同年级中,随着课外体育锻炼频率、持续时间和锻炼强度的升高,参加的人数所占比例呈下降趋势。男生课外体育锻炼行为高于女生。(4)选择课外体育锻炼项目上,城乡之间没有较大区别,主要集中在常规、传统项目上。性别之间有差别,男生倾向选择大强度、对抗性项目,女生主要以小强度,对抗性较小或无对抗的运动项目。(5)影响张家界市初中生课外体育锻练行为主要是个体层面和社会层面所包括的因素,城乡男生之间在个人层面影响比城乡女生之间明显。(6)性别、城乡、教师态度及专业素养、玩手机,看电视及上网挤占了体育锻炼时间等是影响张家界市初中生经常进行课外体育锻炼的主要因素。
[Abstract]:Adolescent physical health problem is a global problem, physical decline, lack of physical activity, reduced exercise capacity level is an urgent problem. Pay attention to the physical health of young people, promote their all-round development, is the key to the National Health Foundation. The aim of this study is that from the perspective of sports ecological environment, based on the current situation and influencing factors of the survey to explore the main factors that hinder Zhangjiajie to participate in the extracurricular physical exercise extracurricular physical exercise behavior of junior school students in Zhangjiajie City, in order to improve the students' physique and health level of junior middle school in Zhangjiajie City, also make efforts to develop regional youth sports exercise habit, in order to enhance their consciousness of lifelong physical education put forward positive suggestions. This paper mainly uses the literature method, the survey method, field survey method, mathematical statistics method, logic analysis method. The stratified random sampling method, the Jia Jie Town 2 junior middle schools, 2 rural junior high school, a total of 720 questionnaires were investigated. The results showed: (1) Zhangjiajie city urban and rural male, girls extracurricular physical exercise frequency are mainly concentrated in the 1-2 times / week, boys 50%, girls accounted for 46.40%, accounted for 50%, 54.20%; in extracurricular physical exercise the frequency is greater than or equal to 3 times a week, between the same sex than in rural towns; there are significant differences between urban and rural boys (P0.05); there is significant difference between urban and rural junior middle school girls. (2) Zhangjiajie City, extracurricular physical exercise of urban and rural boys and girls are concentrated in less than 30 minutes / time, with the increase of urban and rural boys exercise time and the girls exercise proportion decreased; significant differences between urban and rural boys (P0.05). (3) the urban boys extracurricular physical exercise mainly in intensity, the ratio was 37%, mainly rural boys mainly small intensity, the proportion of 43.20%; urban and rural girls Mainly to small strength; with the urban and rural boys extracurricular physical exercise intensity difference (P0.05). (4) in the project of extracurricular physical exercise on the choice of running at the top of middle school students in Zhangjiajie. (5) Zhangjiajie City, different gender urban and rural junior middle school students physical exercise frequency extracurricular mainly in 1-2 times a week, continuous time mainly concentrated in less than 30 minutes / time, low intensity; significant differences in extracurricular physical exercise duration and exercise intensity of different gender urban and rural junior high school students (P0.05). (6) the impact of Zhangjiajie city junior middle school students' extracurricular physical exercise behavior, urban and rural boys difference (P0.05), a lot of factors urban and rural girls were not significant (P0.05). (7) gender, urban and rural areas, teachers' attitude and professionalism, playing mobile phone, watch TV and Internet crowding out physical exercise time on students often carry out extracurricular physical exercise has a junior high school in Zhangjiajie City Significant difference. Conclusions (1) the overall situation in extracurricular physical exercise in the lower stage of junior high school students in Zhangjiajie City, the relative lack of level of extracurricular physical exercise. Although most of the students can actively participate in, but the duration of exercise are short, exercise frequency is low, intensity is small. (2) the boys in extracurricular physical exercise duration frequency, exercise intensity has significant difference between urban and rural areas; urban and rural areas among different sex in the extracurricular exercise time, extracurricular exercise intensity has significant difference. (3) the same year, with the extracurricular physical exercise frequency, duration and intensity of exercise increased, in the proportion of the number of extracurricular physical exercise decreased. Boys than girls. (4) choose the extracurricular physical training project, no significant difference between urban and rural areas, mainly concentrated in the conventional, traditional project. There is a difference between the sexes, male students tend to choose high strength, Antagonism project, mainly to small girls sports strength, less confrontational or no confrontation. (5) the impact of Zhangjiajie city junior high school students extracurricular physical exercise behavior is the main factors including the individual level and social level, between urban and rural boys at the individual level than female students between urban and rural areas is obvious. (6) gender, urban and rural areas teachers, attitude and professionalism, playing mobile phone, watch TV and the Internet has occupied the time of physical exercise are the main factors influencing the junior middle school students in Zhangjiajie often carry out extracurricular physical exercise.

【学位授予单位】：吉首大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G633.96

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