基于科学探究的初中化学实验教学研究

发布时间：2018-01-06 14:06

本文关键词：基于科学探究的初中化学实验教学研究　出处：《陕西师范大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：化学学科的重要特征就是以实验为基础,实验课的开设对学生学习化学非常重要。《基础教育课程改革纲要》(2001)提出要培养全面发展的人才,突出学生的主体地位。中学化学实验也由原来的验证性为主的实验逐渐演变为以探究性实验为主。纵观整个化学学科发展史,可以清楚地看到,任何化学概念和原理的形成与发展、任何化学发现或发明在生产和生活中的应用,都离不开科学探究。但是,在现实教学中,受到各方面因素的影响,探究性化学实验教学还存在一些问题,与新课程理念尚有一定的差距。本文由问题提出、研究的理论基础、初中化学探究性实验教学现状调查、探究性实验教学存在问题的解决策略、结语五个部分构成。第一部分(第1章)为问题提出。该部分首先从课程标准出发,分析了课程标准中对“科学探究”的定位,紧接着以中国知网(CNKI)中的文献为基础,分析了国外和国内探究性化学实验教学现状,阐述了本研究的目的与任务。第二部分(第2章)为研究的理论基础。首先界定了核心概念“科学探究”和“探究性实验”,紧接着以教育学、心理学、科学哲学理论文基础详细论述了科学探究活动的类型和化学实验的功能。第三部分(第3章)为初中化学探究性实验教学现状调查。该部分为论文的核心,采用问卷和访谈的方式调查了学生和教师对化学实验、探究性实验的了解程度,探究性化学实验在中学的实施情况,并对调查数据进行了处理与分析,找出了在实际教学中存在的问题。第四部分(第4章)以探究性实验教学在实际教学中存在的问题为出发点,以真实的中学化学实验教学情况为基点,以国家教育部文件精神为导向,给出了具体的对策。第五部分(第5章)为结语部分。该部分梳理了本文的研究结论的同时,还对本文的创新之处和不足之处进行了归纳,指出了今后的研究方向。
[Abstract]:The important characteristic of chemistry course is that it is based on experiment. The opening of experiment course is very important for students to study chemistry. The middle school chemistry experiment has gradually evolved from the original confirmatory experiment to the inquiry experiment. Throughout the history of chemistry, it can be clearly seen. The formation and development of any concept and principle of chemistry and the application of any chemical discovery or invention in production and life can not be separated from scientific inquiry. However, in practical teaching, it is influenced by various factors. There are still some problems in the experimental teaching of inquiry chemistry, and there is still a certain gap with the concept of the new curriculum. This paper puts forward the question, the theoretical basis of the research, and the investigation of the present situation of the exploratory experiment teaching in junior high school chemistry. The strategy of solving the problems in the inquiry experiment teaching is composed of five parts. The first part (chapter 1) puts forward the problem. The first part starts from the curriculum standard. This paper analyzes the orientation of "scientific inquiry" in the curriculum standard, and then, based on the literature in CNKI, analyzes the present situation of exploratory chemistry experiment teaching both at home and abroad. The second part (chapter 2) is the theoretical basis of the research. Firstly, it defines the core concepts of "scientific inquiry" and "inquiry experiment", followed by pedagogy and psychology. The theoretical basis of philosophy of science discusses in detail the types of scientific inquiry activities and the function of chemical experiments. The third part (chapter 3) is the investigation of the current situation of chemical inquiry experiment teaching in junior high school. This part is the core of the thesis. Questionnaire and interviews were used to investigate the students and teachers' understanding of chemical experiments, inquiry experiments, the implementation of inquiry chemistry experiments in middle schools, and the processing and analysis of the survey data. Part 4th (Chapter 4) takes the problems in the practical teaching of inquiry experiment teaching as the starting point and takes the real situation of chemistry experiment teaching in middle school as the starting point. Guided by the spirit of the documents of the Ministry of Education, the author gives the specific countermeasures. Part 5th (Chapter 5) is the conclusion part. This part combs the research conclusions of this paper at the same time. The innovations and shortcomings of this paper are summarized, and the future research direction is pointed out.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G633.8

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