在初中化学教学中增加定量型实验的研究

发布时间：2018-01-20 16:10

本文关键词： 新课程标准初中化学定量型实验微型仪器手持技术　出处：《四川师范大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国义务教育阶段的化学新课程标准提出“从定性到定量,体现了化学学科发展的趋势,对物质组成的微观研究和定量研究,使化学逐步成为在实验和理论两个方面都获得迅速发展的一门自然科学”,可见国家新课程标准对化学“定量”思想的高度重视。定量型实验是初中化学教学中的重要组成部分,是提高学生定量化意识的重要手段。本论文的研究包含3个部分,主要内容如下:第一部分介绍了课题的研究背景、研究意义和研究方法,明确初中化学课堂教学中定量型实验的重要性,并指出目前存在的初中化学课堂教学中不重视定量型实验的现象。第二部分从定量型化学实验设置的角度对我国人教版化学、日本东京版新科学化学部分进行了分析和比较,得出人教版化学中随堂定量型化学实验主题内容不足的结论。同时从药品用量的角度对比了人教版、东京版在化学定性实验中药品用量描述的区别,指出我国初中化学教材中定量化思想不足的弊端。第三部分设计和改进了3个定量型化学实验,先以“金属和酸的反应”为例,从增加定量型实验的角度研究了随堂化学实验,指出本实验的改进可以提高学生定量化意识的结论。然后创设了一个新的初中定量型化学实验并且在成都市铁中府河学校九年级进行了实践,得到了在初中化学课堂教学中增加定量型实验可以提高学生的数据处理能力、增强定量化意识的结论。从定量型实验方法的角度,对TDS水质检测笔的原理进行了探究,注重以表格、线图的形式进行数据处理,并将结论运用于生活用水的检测中。最后创设了一个手持技术与二氧化碳的吸收反应相结合的定量型实验,快速准确地呈现反应过程中锥形瓶内气体压强的变化,并对实验中的曲线图进行比较分析,联系有关手持技术的中考试题,突出了研究手持技术下定量型实验在解决化学问题的重要意义。
[Abstract]:The new curriculum standard of chemistry in the compulsory education stage of our country puts forward "from qualitative to quantitative, reflects the trend of the development of chemistry subject, the microscopic research and quantitative research on material composition." So that chemistry has gradually become a natural science which has been developed rapidly in both experiment and theory. It can be seen that the national new curriculum standards attach great importance to the idea of "quantitative" chemistry. Quantitative experiment is an important part of junior high school chemistry teaching. This paper includes three parts. The main contents are as follows: the first part introduces the research background, research significance and research methods. Make clear the importance of quantitative experiment in chemistry classroom teaching in junior middle school. It also points out the phenomenon of not paying attention to the quantitative experiment in the chemistry classroom teaching of junior high school. The second part is about the chemistry teaching in our country from the point of view of setting up the quantitative chemistry experiment. Based on the analysis and comparison of the new scientific chemistry in Tokyo, Japan, the author draws the conclusion that the content of quantitative chemistry experiment is not enough. At the same time, the author compares the content of human education from the point of view of drug dosage. The difference of drug dosage description in chemical qualitative experiment in Tokyo edition points out the shortcomings of quantitative thinking in chemistry textbook of junior high school in our country. The third part designs and improves three quantitative chemical experiments. Taking the reaction of metal and acid as an example, the chemical experiment was studied from the point of view of increasing quantitative experiment. It is pointed out that the improvement of this experiment can improve the students' quantification consciousness. Then a new quantitative chemistry experiment in junior high school is established and the experiment is carried out in ninth grade of Tieshong Fuhe School in Chengdu City. It is concluded that adding quantitative experiment in chemistry classroom teaching in junior high school can improve students' ability of data processing and enhance their consciousness of quantification. This paper probes into the principle of TDS water quality test pen and pays attention to the data processing in the form of tables and graphs. The conclusion was applied to the detection of domestic water. Finally, a quantitative experiment was established in which handheld technology combined with carbon dioxide absorption reaction. The change of gas pressure in conical bottle is presented quickly and accurately, and the curves in the experiment are compared and analyzed, and the test questions about handheld technology are contacted. The importance of quantitative experiments in solving chemical problems under handheld technology is highlighted.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G633.8

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