高一化学形成性习题编制的实践研究

发布时间：2018-01-21 06:21

本文关键词： 高一化学形成性习题习题编制编制策略　出处：《广西师范大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：2003年颁布的《普通高中化学课程标准(实验)》 (以下简称《化学课程标准》)中明确要求学生能通过习题发现和提出问题,并通过访谈、参观、调查、实验等形式解决化学问题。但是,在平时的教学过程中,因为化学课时少、任务重,所以很多—线教师为了赶课程进度,往往会从网上或者订阅的资料中筛选习题甚至使用全套原题,而市面上有些习题“繁、难、偏、旧”,会搅乱学生认知结构,打击学生学习化学的积极性,更不用说发现问题和解决问题了。基于此,我们选择了“高一化学形成性习题的编制研究”作为研究课题,通过控制习题编制的数量和难度,编制符合生源条件比较差的县级高中学生的习题,同时让学生参与习题的编制,增强学生学习化学的兴趣和信心。本研究围绕高一化学形成性习题编制,主要阐述了以下几部分内容：第一部分从课程标准、目前化学教学存在的问题出发,分析了国内外对于习题编制的研究现状,阐述了本课题选题的背景,并说明了本论文研究的目的、意义、内容和方法。第二部分对习题、形成性习题、化学形成性习题的定义进行了界定,在建构主义学习理论、多元智能理论、最近发展区理论、认知负荷理论指导下,分析了高中化学形成性习题编制实践研究的理论依据。第三部分通过问卷及访谈的形式,调查本校的整体情况,包括教师组成、学生情况、习题使用情况,为后面研究策略的提出提供现实依据。第四部分基于先进的理论和笔者的教学经验,总结了习题的四个功能：诊断学习困难激励主动学习、丰富知识储备、促进知识转化的功能,提出了化学形成性习题设计的4个原则：指向性、情境性、层次性、多样性,并构建了化学形成性习题编制的7个策略：以课程标准为出发点,保证编制的习题不偏离方向；以情境素材为切入点,密切联系社会生产生活；以学生个性差异为生长点,满足不同层次学生的要求；以学生能按时完成为落脚点,把握习题的难度和数量；以新题型的开发为闪光点,开拓学生的视野；以学生自编题为补充剂,激发学生学习的兴趣；以教师团队力量为动力源,提高习题的质量和效率。第五部分为检验化学形成性习题编制是否有利于提升学生化学学习兴趣与态度、提高学生化学学业成绩,我们在德保高中高一年级进行了为期6个月的实验研究,采用问卷调查法、访谈法等研究方法研究在所提策略指导下的习题编制对学生化学学习兴趣、学习态度和学习成绩等方面是否有积极影响。第六部分通过实验研究得出本文的研究结论：编制高中化学形成性的习题,能明显增强学生的化学学习兴趣；控制习题的难度和数量,有利于提升学生学习化学的信心；让学生自编习题,有利于增强学生合作交流能力；通过组内“编题一评题一定题”,提升教师的科研探究能力。也就是说,本文提出的高一化学形成性习题编制策略是可行且有效的。本研究研究时间较短,研究的对象是县级普通高中,学生的知识基础较差,在生源较好的学校实施本研究提出的编制习题的策略是否取得相同的实验结果还有待进一步研究。
[Abstract]:Issued in 2003 "ordinary high school chemistry curriculum standard (Experiment)" (hereinafter referred to as the "chemistry curriculum standard >) clearly requires students to ask questions and found through exercises, and through interviews, visiting, investigation, experiment and other forms to solve chemical problems. However, in the usual teaching process, because the chemical is less, the task is heavy, so a lot of - line teachers in order to catch the course schedule, often from the Internet or subscribe to the screening exercise data even using a full set of the original title, but there is some problem" numerous, difficult, partial, old, will disturb the students' cognitive structure, discourage students learn chemistry, not to mention that the problem and solve the problem. Based on this, we choose the "establishment of a" high chemical formative exercises as a research topic, the number and difficulty of control problem preparation, preparation of a county high school students with poor students The preparation of exercises, while allowing students to participate in the exercise, enhance students' learning interest and confidence. This study focused on a chemical formation mainly expounds the compiling of exercises, the following parts: the first part from the curriculum standards of chemistry teaching, existing problems, analyzes the domestic and foreign research situation about the compiling of exercises. This topic describes the background of the topic, and explains the research purpose, significance, contents and methods. The second part of the formation of exercises, exercises, exercises the chemical form definitions are defined, in the constructivist learning theory, multiple intelligence theory, the zone of proximal development theory, cognitive load theory. Analysis of the theoretical basis of the formation of high school chemistry exercises compiling practice research. The third part through the questionnaire and interviews to investigate the overall situation of our school, including teachers, students, learning The usage, it provides realistic foundation behind the research strategy. The fourth part is the advanced theory and based on the author's teaching experience, summed up the four functional exercises: diagnostic difficulties in learning motivation of active learning, rich knowledge, promote the transformation of knowledge, the formation of the 4 principles of Chemistry Exercises Design: directivity, situational, hierarchy, diversity, and the construction of the 7 strategies of chemical formative exercise compilation: the curriculum standard as the starting point, to ensure the preparation of exercises do not deviate from the direction; in the situation material as the starting point, close to social life and production; the individual differences of students to meet the different growth points. The level of students; to students can finish as the foothold, grasp the difficulty and the number of exercises; to develop new types of flash point, open up horizons of students; the students self titled supplements, shock Students' interest in learning; the teacher team strength as the power source, improve the quality and efficiency of the exercise. The fifth part is the inspection of chemical form of exercise compilation is conducive to enhancing students' chemistry learning interest and attitude, improve the students' chemistry grades, we carried out experimental study for 6 months in the first grade senior high school of the Debao. Study on the method of questionnaire survey, interviews and other research methods in the proposed strategy under the guidance of the compiling of exercises on students' interest in learning chemistry, whether there is a positive impact on learning attitude and learning achievement. The sixth part of the conclusions drawn in this paper: Experimental Study on Preparation of high school chemistry form of exercise, can enhance students' learning chemistry interest; the difficulty and quantity control exercises, to enhance students' learning confidence; let the students self exercise, is conducive to enhance students' cooperation and exchanges Capacity; group "for the title of a certain rating problem", enhance the teachers' scientific research ability. That is to say, this paper proposed a chemical form of exercise compilation strategy is feasible and effective. The study time is short, the research object is the ordinary high school, the knowledge base of poor students. Whether the implementation of the proposed compilation of exercises in school students better strategies to achieve the same results remains to be further studied.

【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G633.8

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