北京市异地高考的“负外部性”及其治理路径

发布时间：2018-02-23 13:28

本文关键词： 异地高考负外部性治理路径　出处：《教学与管理》2017年10期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：任何一项制度变迁都不可能完美无缺,异地高考作为不同群体福利有增有减的"非帕累托式"诱致性制度变迁不可避免地带来了一系列教育、经济和社会问题,也就是产生了经济学话语体系中的"负外部性"。通过对北京市异地高考改革研究和分析,发现随迁子女在北京市参加高考会给当地政府及居民增加显著的外在成本,如防范"高考移民"风险成本、教育财政支出成本、当地考生接受高等教育的机会成本等,导致北京市异地高考政策的制定和执行在各利益相关主体旷日持久的讨价还价和冲突中陷入僵局。为最大限度弱化和减少异地高考引发的负外部性,北京市政府可以通过设置合适的准入标准来完成事前控制,中央人民政府需要按比例增加录取名额和专项转移支付实现事后补偿;此外,还应积极发挥市场机制在公共资源配置中的作用,拓宽准公共品的供给渠道和途径。
[Abstract]:No institutional change can be perfect. As a "non-Pareto" inductive institutional change of different groups' welfare, the college entrance examination in different places inevitably brings about a series of educational, economic and social problems. That is, the "negative externality" in the economic discourse system. Through the study and analysis of the reform of the college entrance examination in different places in Beijing, it is found that taking part in the college entrance examination in Beijing with their children will add significant external costs to the local government and residents. For example, to guard against the risk cost of "college entrance examination emigration", the cost of education finance expenditure, the opportunity cost of local examinee to receive higher education, etc. In order to minimize and reduce the negative externalities caused by the college entrance examination in different places, the formulation and implementation of the policy of the college entrance examination in different places in Beijing has reached an impasse in the protracted bargaining and conflict among the stakeholders in order to minimize and reduce the negative externalities caused by the college entrance examination in different places. The Beijing Municipal Government can complete prior control by setting appropriate admission criteria. The Central people's Government needs to increase the quota of admission and special transfer payments in proportion to achieve ex post compensation. Market mechanism should also play an active role in the allocation of public resources and broaden the supply channels and channels of quasi-public goods.
【作者单位】：赫尔辛基大学;
【分类号】：G639.2

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