越南战争在中、法、美、越四国高中历史教科书中的书写对比

发布时间：2018-03-12 14:14

本文选题：越南战争　切入点：教科书　出处：《华东师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：越南战争作为冷战大背景下一次重要的局部战争,是各个国家博弈的产物。因此,不同的国家对于这场战争的叙述和研究有着不同的侧重和视角,这一特点在各国高中历史教科书的书写中体现得尤其明显。在中国的高中历史教科书中,对这一战争的书写侧重于定性,各版教科书高度一致地将其定性为侵略与反侵略战争,并围绕这一主题进行呈现。法国历史教科书对越南战争的书写侧重于解读,各版教科书都将关于越南战争的学习置于探究性学习的条目下,通过各种史料的呈现,让学生们在史料的分析讨论中发现战争爆发的原因和影响,探究美国输掉战争的原因。美国历史教科书对越南战争的书写侧重于反思,对越南战争的学习并不太关注越南战场本身,而是偏重书写战争对美国社会自上而下造成的巨大冲击和影响,从这一社会危机中反思美国的政治制度、对外政策和社会问题等等。越南历史教科书对越南战争的书写侧重于政治教化,着重突出越南共产党的领导,强调越南人民通过两次战争走上民族独立的艰难道路。关于同一场战争,在不同国家的教科书中的呈现却迥然不同,在这背后有着各国高中历史教育中关于国家形象塑造、史学观念、教育目的、国际关系影响和国情国策需求等各个方面的差异。通过对四国教科书中关于越南战争部分的梳理,探究其书写差异背后的具体原因,笔者希望能够为越南战争的研究提供一个新的视角,同时也希望以越南战争为突破口,以小见大,为国内中学历史教学提供一些新的思考。
[Abstract]:The Vietnam War, as an important local war under the background of the Cold War, is the product of the game between different countries. Therefore, different countries have different emphases and perspectives on the narration and study of the war. This feature is particularly evident in the writing of senior high school history textbooks in various countries. In China's senior high school history textbooks, the writing of this war focuses on the qualitative nature, and the textbooks in each edition highly consistently characterize it as an invasion or a war against aggression. The French history textbooks focus on the interpretation of the Vietnam War. Each edition of the textbooks puts the study of the Vietnam War under the item of inquiry learning, and through the presentation of various historical materials, Let the students discover the causes and effects of the war in the analysis and discussion of historical data, and explore the reasons why the United States lost the war. The study of the Vietnam War does not pay much attention to the Vietnam battlefield itself, but rather focuses on writing about the tremendous impact and impact of the war on American society from the top to the bottom. From this social crisis, it reflects on the political system of the United States. Foreign policy and social issues, etc. Vietnam's history textbooks focus on political indoctrination and the leadership of the Communist Party of Vietnam. Emphasizing that the Vietnamese people have embarked on the difficult path of national independence through two wars. With regard to the same war, the presentation in textbooks of different countries is very different, and behind this lies the image of the country in the history of high school education in various countries, The differences in historical concepts, educational purposes, the influence of international relations and the needs of national conditions and policies. By combing the parts of the four countries' textbooks on the Vietnam War, we explored the specific reasons behind the differences in their writing. I hope to provide a new perspective for the study of the Vietnam War, and also hope to take the Vietnam War as a breakthrough, through a small part to see the whole, to provide some new thinking for the history teaching in the domestic middle school.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.51

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