学本式教学改革下的初中物理实验教学研究

发布时间：2018-03-17 14:33

本文选题：学本教育　切入点：初中物理　出处：《内蒙古师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：实施新课程改革,教师要转变教育观念,学生要改变学习方式。在物理课堂上,教师要构建相互尊重、互相信任的,平等、合作的新型师生观,以学生为中心、以活动为中心、以学习为中心,努力营造一个民主、平等的课堂气氛,倡导学生主动参与、乐于探究、勤于动手,充分落实学生的探究学习、自主学习、合作学习、展示学习等学习方式,让学生们用开放的、灵活的、喜欢探究的、充满活力的、有创新思维的头脑去不断提出新观点,培养学生观察和处理信息的能力、探究和操作实验的能力、交流和合作的能力、分析和论证的能力以及创新和解决问题的能力。通过学本式教学改革下的初中物理实验教学研究,谨希望在物理实验课堂教学改革中找寻到一个较好的的教学模式,以提高初中物理实验课堂教学的质量。本文分为三个部分:第一部分主要阐述了学本教育主张的起源和发展,提出了课题研究的背景。学本教育主张坚持“以学生学习为本、以学生发展为本”的教育理念,“先学后教、互助展评”是其基本教学模式,学生的“自学、合学、展学”是其主要学习方式。文中分析了学本教学实施的必要性以及其理念、内涵和模式特征,为后续研究做了良好的铺垫。第二部分讨论了学本教学在初中物理实验课堂教学中的应用策略。研究者结合本人初中物理实验教学实际,依据所在学校历经近十年的课堂教学改革中遇到的问题以及在课改中积累的经验教训,探讨了通向学本教学的基本途径。针对物理课,尤其是物理实验课,要将物理实验有效地与学生自学、合学、展学相结合,实现学生的课前自主预习、课上自主学习、合作学习、探究学习以及课后学习巩固的有机统一。与此同时,针对最基础的课前预习实验,课堂上的验证性实验、探究性实验、教师演示实验、学生分组实验以及实验现象,结合生活应用逐一分析,并针对每一部分内容,列举相关的案例典范,从典型案例分析中力求探寻物理实验课堂的最佳模式。第三部分对学本教学的研究进行了简要的总结,指出了存在的问题和将要努力的方向。学本教学为我们指明了未来物理实验教学的改革方向。以学生为主体的课堂,以学生自学、合学、展学为主要学习方式的课堂是改革的总方向。但在实际地操作中还存在很多的问题,通过不断地学习,不断地改进,不断地研究,总能找到最合适的教学方法,进而提升物理实验教学的效率。当前的物理实验教学要想改变传统课堂的弊端,就要使课堂发生转变,由教师的一言满贯课堂向学生主体教师主导型课堂转变,由教师传授型课堂向学生学习型课堂转变,由死记硬背向理解性学习转变,由成绩唯一论向多元评价转变,以体现“以学生学习为本”的理念,真正把学习的主动权还给学生,让学生成为学习的主人,同时训练学生多种科学能力和创造性思维,提高学生的科学素养,引导学生在学习中快乐地成长,最终实现学生的全面发展。
[Abstract]:The implementation of the new curriculum reform, teachers should change the concept of education, students should change the way of learning. In physics classroom, teachers should build mutual respect, mutual trust, equality and cooperation between teachers and students, new concept, student-centered, activity centered, learning centered, and strive to create a democratic, equal the atmosphere in the classroom, students are encouraged to actively participate, willing to explore, diligent, fully implement the students' inquiry learning, autonomous learning, cooperative learning, display of learning and learning, let the students with an open, flexible, love to explore, vibrant, innovative thinking to come up with new ideas, ability training students observe and deal with information, inquiry ability and operation experiments, the ability to exchange and cooperation, the ability of analysis and demonstration and innovation and solving problems. Through the study of junior high school physics experiment teaching under the teaching reform The research, hope to find a better teaching mode in physics experiment teaching reform, to improve the quality of classroom teaching in junior middle school physical experiment. This paper is divided into three parts: the first part mainly expounds the origin and development of the science education idea, the background of this study. This education advocate "learning centered, student-centered development" philosophy of education, learning to help show "is the basic mode of teaching, students' self-study, learning, development" is the main way of learning. This study analyzes the necessity of the implementation of teaching and the idea of the the connotation and characteristics, mode, do a good preparation for the following research. The second part discusses the application of the strategy of science teaching in junior middle school physics experiment teaching in the classroom. The researchers combined with my junior high school physics experiment teaching practice, according to the school after In the classroom teaching reform in recent ten years and the problems accumulated in the curriculum reform experience, discusses the basic path leading to the school teaching. In physics class, especially physics experiment course, the physics experiment effectively and student learning, learning, learning exhibition combination, realize students class self preparation before class, autonomous learning, cooperative learning, inquiry learning and the organic unity of after-school learning consolidation. At the same time, according to the most basic Keqianyuxi experiment, experimental verification of the classroom teachers, inquiry experiment, demonstration experiment, student group experiments and the experiment phenomena, combined with the analysis and the application of life. Each part of the contents, enumerates the case of canonical correlation, and strive to explore the best mode of experimental physics class from typical case analysis. The third part makes a brief summary of the research on science teaching, points out the existing problems And the direction of our efforts. The study pointed out the future direction of reform of the teaching of physics experiment teaching for us. Student-centered classroom learning, self-study, exhibition, learning as the main learning classroom is the direction of the reform. But there are still many problems in the actual operation, through the continuous learning, continuous improvement, continuous research, always find the most appropriate teaching methods, thereby enhancing the efficiency of physics experiment teaching. The teaching of physics experiment in order to change the drawbacks of traditional classroom, it is necessary to make the classroom changed by the teacher said to the students a slam classroom teacher led classroom subject shift taught by the teacher in class to students learning by rote classroom change, change to understand learning, only by performance theory to multi evaluation change, to reflect the "student learning oriented" concept, the main learning The right to return is also given to students, so that students can become masters of learning, while training students' multiple scientific abilities and creative thinking, improving students' scientific literacy, guiding students to grow happily in learning, and ultimately achieving all-round development of students.

【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.7

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