济南市初级中学体育活动开展现状及其影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-03-31 07:03

本文选题：济南市　切入点：初级中学　出处：《吉首大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：本论文通过文献资料、问卷调查、数理统计、实地考察和逻辑分析等方法,以济南市初级中学体育活动开展现状为研究对象。调查分析了济南市初级中学体育教学活动教学目标、教学内容、场地器材、教学方法和教学评价,课外体育活动、训练和竞赛的项目、组织管理方式和经费来源等几个方面。研究结果如下:济南市初级中学在体育教学活动实施过程中《新课标》执行情况比较乐观,体育教学目标内容主要是增强学生的体能、提高学生的技能目标和掌握锻炼理论与方法,学生兴趣、合作、交往、适应能力与终身体育意识培养目标被忽视。体育教师数量不足,尤其是农村学校,教师学历层次和职称构建相对合理,农村初级中学体育教师学历层次比城区体育教师学历层次薄弱。培训上比较重视专业理论和思想方面,大部分农村初级中学经费较少,组织较难等原因导致体育专业技术等实践性培训项目较少,只有少数学校定期组织对教师全面的、高质量的培训。大部分的济南市初级中学体育教师对现今工作态度表现良好,想要提高待遇、社会地位。教学内容选择依据主要是教师特长、现有器材、体质健康标准达标内容、课程目标要求、学生身心发展特点和学习兴趣,而后两者考虑上较少,课程设置也比较传统,很少学校将民族传统体育和特色项目引进课堂。虽然也有部分城区中学和农村中学利用现有资源或就地取材以调动学生学习兴趣,但是所占比例较少。教学方法主要是传统的讲解示范法,极少教师采用启发类和引导类教学方法。教学评价方法总体不完善,缺乏职业道德素质考察,对学生学习情况评价方式主要是教师考评,只有极少部分教师采用学生自评评价方式。经济欠发达地区学校场地器材缺乏管理,器材设备陈旧老化。济南市初级中学学校领导普遍忽视对课外体育活动的开展,活动安排时间和频率不足,开展项目传统没有新意,仅有少数学校开展了武术类民族传统体育项目和特色体育活动。课外训练和体育竞赛项目多为田径和球类等普遍的竞技项目,体育竞赛形式主要以运动会和各单项比赛为主,竞技化较严重。也有少数学校开展了特色体育节,课余体育训练时间和频率相对充足,但是组织管理方式缺乏,竞赛经费来源单一、不足。影响济南市初级中学体育活动开展的主要因素有:学校领导对体育活动开展重视程度不高,监督力度不够;师资数量缺乏,教学压力较大;学校领导和教师受传统应试教育思维影响,缺乏创新意识;学校体育场地器材不足,体育活动经费投入不足、来源形式单一。针对以上因素提出对策如下:加强领导对体育活动开展的重视程度和监管力度;增强师资力量,改善体育教师社会地位;挣脱传统教学思维禁锢,加强学校体育创新活动;加强学校场地器材建设,加大资金投入。
[Abstract]:This paper is based on the methods of literature, questionnaire, mathematical statistics, field investigation and logic analysis. Taking the present situation of sports activities in junior middle schools in Jinan as the research object, this paper investigates and analyzes the teaching objectives, teaching contents, site and equipment, teaching methods and teaching evaluation, extracurricular sports activities of junior middle schools in Jinan. The research results are as follows: the implementation of "New Curriculum Standard" in junior middle schools in Jinan is quite optimistic during the implementation of physical education activities. The main contents of physical education objectives are to strengthen students' physical ability, to improve their skill goals and to master the theory and methods of exercise, students' interest, cooperation and communication. The training goal of adaptive ability and lifelong physical education consciousness is ignored. The number of physical education teachers is insufficient, especially in rural schools, teachers' educational level and professional title construction is relatively reasonable. The education level of PE teachers in rural junior middle schools is weaker than that of urban PE teachers. In training, they attach more importance to professional theory and ideology, and most rural junior middle schools have less funds. As a result of difficult organization and other reasons, there are fewer practical training programs such as physical education specialized techniques, and only a few schools regularly organize comprehensive and high-quality training for teachers. Most junior middle school PE teachers in Jinan City have a good attitude towards their present work. In order to improve the treatment and social status, the choice of teaching content is mainly based on the teacher's specialty, existing equipment, the content of the standard of physique and health, the requirements of curriculum objectives, the characteristics of students' physical and mental development and their interest in learning, but the latter two are less considered. The curriculum is also more traditional, and few schools introduce traditional ethnic sports and characteristic items into the classroom. Although some urban and rural secondary schools use existing resources or make use of local materials to mobilize students' interest in learning, However, the teaching method is mainly the traditional explanation and demonstration method, and few teachers adopt the enlightening and guiding teaching methods, the teaching evaluation method is not perfect, and the quality of professional ethics is lack of inspection. The main way to evaluate students' learning situation is teacher evaluation. Only a few teachers adopt the method of student self-evaluation. The lack of management of school venues and equipment in economically underdeveloped areas is the main way to evaluate students' learning situation. The school leaders of junior middle schools in Jinan generally ignored the development of extracurricular sports activities, the time and frequency of activities were insufficient, and the tradition of carrying out projects had no new ideas. Only a few schools have carried out traditional national sports and characteristic sports activities of martial arts. Extracurricular training and sports competitions are mostly general competitive events such as track and field and ball games. The main forms of sports competitions are the sports meet and individual competitions. There are also a few schools that carry out sports festivals with special characteristics. The time and frequency of extracurricular sports training are relatively adequate, but the organization and management are lacking, and the source of competition funds is single. The main factors affecting the sports activities of junior middle schools in Jinan are: the school leaders pay less attention to sports activities, the supervision is not enough, the number of teachers is short, and the teaching pressure is great. School leaders and teachers are influenced by traditional examination-oriented education thinking and lack of innovative consciousness. In view of the above factors, the author puts forward the following countermeasures: strengthening the attention and supervision of the leaders to physical education activities; strengthening the teachers' strength, improving the social status of physical education teachers; breaking away from the traditional teaching thinking, Strengthen school sports innovation activities; strengthen the construction of school venues and equipment, increase capital investment.
【学位授予单位】：吉首大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G633.96

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