模型法在高考物理解题中的研究

发布时间：2018-03-31 10:51

本文选题：物理模型　切入点：模型构建　出处：《云南师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：科学发展至今都没有穷尽所有的规律,要想揭示事物的本质和规律,建模是最有效的方法,模型以及模型的建构机制的研究在科学理论和科学教学领域引起了广泛的关注。随着课程改革和教学研究对能力的重视,建立物理模型并学习相关的物理规律已经成为高中阶段主要的学习内容,模型法作为解决物理问题的主要方法,它以题干信息为载体,通过模型构建、条件分析、寻找规律、解决应用等步骤,能帮助学生建立程序性解题的模式,促进学生更好地提高问题分析能力、归纳总结能力、逻辑推理能力以及科学探究能力。模型法不仅仅是一种解决问题的方法,更是一个培养学生思维能力的手段,它的研究对我国的基础教育课程改革产生了积极的影响。对此,本课题主要进行了以下几个方面的研究:首先,简要回顾了物理模型及模型教学的发展历程,通过命题思路分析,提出解题者应具备的思维过程。通过文献调研,从思维转化角度对物理模型进行分类。其次,对近三年高考物理新课标全国卷试题中应用到的物理模型进行系统而全面地分析,总结出近三年高考物理课标全国卷对物理模型的考查情况。以问卷形式总结得出学生对模型的掌握情况及教师的模型教学情况,对比试题模型统计结果和问卷结果,为后文进行模型法的研究作铺垫。最后,根据统计分析,研究了物理问题的解题方法。针对高考试题中的物理问题,从模型角度对问题进行分类,结合物理模型的特点,解剖解题思维,阐释解题方法,给出模型法解题的具体流程图。以高考试题中的实用型问题和压轴题为载体,提供了相应的模型法运用的案例分析,以供广大一线教师参考。
[Abstract]:With the attention of curriculum reform and teaching research to the ability, establishing physical model and learning related physics law have become the main learning content in senior middle school. As the main method of solving physics problem, model method is based on the information of subject matter.Through the steps of model construction, condition analysis, searching for rules, solving application and so on, it can help students to set up the model of procedural problem solving, promote students to improve their ability of problem analysis better, sum up and sum up ability, etc.Logical reasoning and scientific inquiry.Model approach is not only a method to solve problems, but also a means to cultivate students' thinking ability. Its research has a positive impact on the curriculum reform of basic education in China.In this paper, the following aspects are studied: firstly, the development of physical model and model teaching is reviewed briefly. Through the analysis of propositional thinking, the author puts forward the thinking process that should be possessed by the problem-solver.Through literature investigation, the physical models are classified from the perspective of thinking transformation.Secondly, this paper systematically and comprehensively analyzes the physical model used in the national test paper of the new physics course standard of the college entrance examination in the last three years, and summarizes the examination situation of the physics model in the national examination paper of the new physics course standard of the college entrance examination in the last three years.In the form of questionnaire, the author summarizes the students' mastery of the model and the teacher's teaching of the model, compares the statistical results of the test model and the results of the questionnaire, and paves the way for the later study of the model method.Finally, according to the statistical analysis, the method of solving physical problems is studied.In view of the physical problems in the college entrance examination questions, this paper classifies the problems from the angle of model, dissects the thinking of solving problems, explains the methods of solving problems, and gives the concrete flow chart of solving problems by model method combined with the characteristics of physical models.Taking the practical problems in the college entrance examination questions and the pressing questions as the carrier, this paper provides a case study of the application of the corresponding model method for the reference of the vast number of front-line teachers.
【学位授予单位】：云南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.7

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