民国时期榆林地区中等教育研究

发布时间：2018-04-04 10:46

本文选题：民国时期　切入点：榆林地区　出处：《延安大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：民国时期是中国近代史上重要的新旧交替的转型时代。民国时期的教育如同近代中华民族的命运一样,在急剧转型的大环境下面临着社会发展的艰难变革和时代考验。从中国教育近代化的整个历史进程来看,民国时期的教育在中国近代教育史上占有承上启下的地位,承担着传统教育向近现代教育转型的使命。同时,作为民国教育发展的一部分,陕西榆林地区的中等教育发展也经历了复杂曲折的历程。榆林地区地理位置偏僻且相对闭塞,经济基础差,自然与社会环境恶劣,受封建思想影响很深,思想观念被严重束缚,因循守旧故而抵触新事物。榆林的中等教育就是在这样的环境中产生的。从民国前期的发端再到国民政府时期的调整,榆林地区中等教育逐步发展成型。普通中等教育、中等师范和职业教育都有不同程度的发展。尤其是二十世纪二十年代,一大批仁人志士致力于榆林教育,使榆林地区中等教育蓬勃发展,一度大放异彩,为世人所瞩目。在民国初到国民政府建立,教学活动是遵循着中华民国的教育政策,再根据地方实际实施的。南京国民政府建立后,榆林地区中等教育复杂化,在国共两党两个政权存在的条件下,双方的中等教育,不管是课程设置的争锋相对,还是学生管理的巨大差异,无不体现着政治意识形态下的不同教育理念。因此,整个榆林地区中等教育活动中,教育宗旨、课程设置、教学方式、教育经费、师资力量和学生管理等都随着社会的发展与政治的斗争而变化。正是在这种复杂环境下,使得榆林地区中等教育发展过程中呈现出自身特征:中等教育与政治的变动相互作用,与革命斗争、生产劳动相互结合,还受到知识分子与军政任务的大力推动。当然也存在一些问题:中等学校设置不合理,教育经费严重短缺等。民国时期榆林地区中等教育对整个榆林地区产生重大影响,培养了一大批社会人才,他们有的专注于教育,有的投身于革命,并建立党团组织,开展革命运动,促进了马克思主义在榆林地区传播。中等教育的发展提高了人们的文化水平,为破除封建迷信、解放民众思想扫清了障碍。职业教育的发展为榆林经济提供了人才,保障了教育发展的物质条件。总之,民国时期榆林地区的中等教育是陕西教育史乃至中国教育史上重要的组成部分,不仅为榆林地区的社会发展和革命斗争做出了重要的贡献,而且为研究当今榆林地区中等教育发展提供借鉴。
[Abstract]:The period of the Republic of China is an important transition period in the modern history of China.The education of the Republic of China, like the fate of the Chinese nation in modern times, was confronted with the difficult changes and times tests of social development under the great environment of rapid transformation.From the perspective of the whole historical process of the modernization of Chinese education, the education of the Republic of China occupies a connecting position in the history of Chinese modern education and undertakes the mission of transforming the traditional education to the modern education.At the same time, as a part of the development of education in the Republic of China, the development of secondary education in Yulin area of Shaanxi Province has also undergone a complicated and tortuous process.Yulin area is remote and relatively closed, its economic base is poor, its natural and social environment is bad, it is deeply influenced by feudal ideology, and its ideology is seriously restricted, and it resists new things according to the old ways.Yulin secondary education is produced in such an environment.From the beginning of the Republic of China to the adjustment of the National Government, the secondary education in Yulin area developed gradually.General secondary education, secondary normal education and vocational education all have varying degrees of development.Especially in the 1920s, a large number of people with lofty ideals devoted themselves to Yulin education, which made the secondary education in Yulin develop vigorously.At the beginning of the Republic of China to the establishment of the National Government, teaching activities followed the educational policy of the Republic of China, and then according to the actual implementation of the local.After the establishment of the Nanjing National Government, secondary education in Yulin area became more complicated. Under the conditions of the existence of the two political regimes of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, the secondary education of both sides, whether it was the competition for curriculum or the huge difference in student management,All reflect the different educational ideas under the political ideology.Therefore, in the whole Yulin area secondary education activities, educational aim, curriculum, teaching method, educational funds, teachers' strength and student management all change with the development of society and the struggle of politics.It is in this complex environment that the development of secondary education in Yulin region presents its own characteristics: the interaction between secondary education and political changes, the combination of revolutionary struggle and productive labor.It is also greatly promoted by intellectuals and military and political tasks.Of course, there are some problems: the establishment of secondary schools is unreasonable, the serious shortage of educational funds, and so on.During the period of the Republic of China, the secondary education in Yulin region had a great influence on the whole Yulin area, and a large number of social talents were trained. Some of them focused on education, others devoted themselves to revolution, and set up party groups to carry out revolutionary movements.Promote the spread of Marxism in Yulin area.The development of secondary education raised people's cultural level and cleared the way for breaking feudal superstition and liberating people's thought.The development of vocational education provides talents for Yulin economy and ensures the material condition of educational development.In short, the secondary education in Yulin area during the period of the Republic of China is an important part in the history of education in Shaanxi and even in China, which not only contributed to the social development and revolutionary struggle in Yulin area.And for the study of the current Yulin area secondary education development to provide reference.
【学位授予单位】：延安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G639.29

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