高中生获取和解读地理试题有效信息能力的培养研究

发布时间：2018-05-22 08:44

本文选题：地理试题 + 获取和解读能力　；参考：《西华师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：地理学科往往运用大量的图文资料来描述区域的空间结构、地理事物之间的联系及发展变化的过程。如何在试题材料中获取和解读所隐藏的答题信息,是教师和学生面临的一个重要课题。从近几年的高考地理试题的分析来看,几乎所有的试题都是以大量的图文资料作为背景材料和切入点,要求考生能够从图文资料中获取和解读出答题所需要的有效信息,并对提取出的信息进行整理分析。因此,优化教师对这一能力的培养方法,改善学生对这一能力的学习策略以便更好地让学生掌握获取和解读地理信息的方法和技巧,显得尤为迫切而关键。本研究试图在培养学生获取和解读地理信息能力方面有所建树,以期能够帮助学生提高学习地理的能力和地理成绩,同时也为一线的地理教师提供一定的教学方法指导。本研究综合运用文献法、田野调查法和案例分析法,以现代教育教学理论为支撑,在借鉴前人研究成果的基础上,结合本人的教学实践,对彭州一中高二学生进行高中生获取和解读地理信息能力的测试问卷调查,并对多名教师进行深度访谈,深入了解高中生获取和解读地理信息能力的现状、存在的问题、剖析其原因,为培养学生获取和解读地理信息的能力提出可行性的策略。调查结果显示,彭州一中高二学生获取和解读地理信息的能力普遍较弱,主要存在以下问题:获取的信息不够全面;在解读信息过程中出现错误;不能正确描述和分析解读到的信息。导致学生获取和解读地理信息能力存在问题的原因主要有:地理基础知识掌握不牢;学生不会审题立意;学生图文转化能力弱;没有掌握正确的获取和解读地理信息的方法和途径;思维方式不灵活、知识迁移能力弱;非智力因素的影响等。获取和解读地理信息能力的培养,既利于学生地理成绩的提高,又利于学生地理素养的培养。本研究从多个方面提出了提高学生获取和解读地理信息的培养策略:构建牢固的知识结构,准确把握基础知识;强化审题方法与技巧,培养良好的审题习惯;强化读图训练,增强图文转换能力,提高读图析图能力;激活思维灵活性,加强知识迁移的能力;激发学生的非智力因素等。
[Abstract]:Geography often uses a lot of graphic and textual data to describe the spatial structure of the region, the relationship between geographical things and the process of development and change. It is an important task for teachers and students to obtain and interpret the hidden answer information in test materials. From the analysis of the geography examination questions of the college entrance examination in recent years, almost all the questions are based on a large number of graphic and textual materials as the background materials and entry points, which require the examinee to be able to obtain and interpret the effective information needed to answer the questions from the picture and text materials. The extracted information is analyzed. Therefore, it is urgent and crucial to optimize teachers' training methods of this ability and improve students' learning strategies to better enable students to master the methods and skills of obtaining and interpreting geographical information. This study attempts to develop students' ability to acquire and interpret geographical information, in order to help students improve their ability and achievements in geography learning, and at the same time, to provide some teaching method guidance for front-line geography teachers. This research synthetically uses the literature method, the field investigation method and the case analysis method, takes the modern education teaching theory as the support, in the reference predecessor research result foundation, unifies my teaching practice, A questionnaire survey on the ability of high school students to acquire and interpret geographic information was conducted in Pengzhou No. 1 Senior Middle School, and a number of teachers were interviewed in depth to understand the current situation and existing problems of high school students' ability to acquire and interpret geographical information. This paper analyzes the reasons and puts forward feasible strategies for cultivating students' ability to acquire and interpret geographical information. The results show that the ability of obtaining and interpreting geographic information is generally weak among the students of Pengzhou No. 1 Senior High School, and there are the following problems: the information obtained is not comprehensive enough, the process of reading information is wrong; Unable to correctly describe and analyze the interpreted information. The main reasons that lead to the problems of students' ability to acquire and interpret geographical information are that the basic knowledge of geography is not well grasped, the students can not judge the problems, the students' ability of transforming picture and text is weak; Lack of correct methods and approaches for obtaining and interpreting geographic information; inflexibility of thinking mode, weak ability of knowledge transfer, influence of non-intellectual factors, etc. The cultivation of the ability to acquire and interpret geographical information is not only conducive to the improvement of students' geographical achievements, but also conducive to the cultivation of students' geographical literacy. In this study, the author puts forward the training strategies to improve the students' access to and interpretation of geographical information from many aspects: constructing a solid knowledge structure, accurately grasping the basic knowledge, strengthening the methods and skills of examining questions, cultivating good examination habits, strengthening the training of reading pictures, It can enhance the ability of transformation from picture to text, improve the ability of reading and analyzing pictures, activate the flexibility of thinking, strengthen the ability of knowledge transfer, stimulate the students' non-intelligence factors, and so on.
【学位授予单位】：西华师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.55

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