支架式教学在初中物理电磁学教学中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-05-25 07:18

本文选题：支架式教学 + 初中物理　；参考：《云南师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：科学教育在提高全民科学素养的进程中起着决定作用,而物理教育在科学教育中又占有重要比重,成功的物理教育有利于全民科学素养顺利提升。然而,物理学高度抽象、逻辑严密等特点往往使学生在学习中举步维艰,其中以电磁学部分最为困难。建构主义指出,学生完成更高层次的学习任务需要较低一层次的知识和能力水平作为支撑。初中学生的抽象和逻辑能力等尚处于初级阶段,在学习电磁学的过程中借助支架能够逐层递进的构建起自身知识体系。本文基于建构主义的认知理论,研究了支架式教学在初中电磁学教学中的应用,开展了如下主要工作:在总结建构主义、最近发展区理论、奥苏贝尔学习理论等支架式教学理论的基础上,分析界定了支架式教学的基本概念和基本环节。在分析初中生学习电磁学的心里特点的基础上,结合其在学习中体现出来的具体学习效果,将支架分为启发式支架、体验式支架和评价支架;结合支架模式的通用教学环节,确定了支架搭建的基本过程为:学习任务分解→确定最近发展区→确定学习方式→支架展开。基于支架式教学的理论及实践特点,结合云南省初中物理教学的实际情况,采用问卷调查的形式,就支架式教学在初中物理电磁学中的教学现状进行调查。调查结果显示,大部分教师不熟知支架式教学,以致于不能有效应用于教学当中。有效应用支架,则要求教师应对支架式教学的类型、环节以及搭建方式进行细致研究。本文在分析调查问卷基础上,以教学难点为例,设计了“欧姆定律”、“电功率”及“电生磁”三个教学案例。在案例设计的过程中,分别就采用支架式教学的缘由、教学设计的步骤、每一步的理论依据以及预期学生学习的困难等方面进行了分析、反思与总结。
[Abstract]:Science education plays a decisive role in the process of improving the scientific literacy of the whole people, and physics education occupies an important proportion in the science education. Successful physics education is conducive to the smooth improvement of the scientific literacy of the whole people. However, the physics is highly abstract and the logic is tight. Constructivism points out that students need a lower level of knowledge and ability to complete higher learning tasks. The abstract and logical ability of junior middle school students are still in the primary stage. In the process of studying electromagnetism, they can build their own knowledge system step by step with the help of scaffolding. Based on the cognitive theory of constructivism, this paper studies the application of scaffolding teaching in electromagnetism teaching in junior high school, and carries out the following main work: summing up constructivism, the theory of proximal development area, On the basis of Ausubel's learning theory and other scaffolding teaching theories, the basic concepts and links of scaffolding teaching are analyzed and defined. On the basis of analyzing the mental characteristics of junior high school students' learning electromagnetism, combining with the concrete learning effect, the scaffolds are divided into heuristic scaffolds, experiential scaffolds and evaluation scaffolds, and combined with the general teaching links of scaffold mode. The basic process of scaffold construction is as follows: learning tasks are decomposed to determine the proximal development area and the learning mode is determined. Based on the theoretical and practical characteristics of scaffolding teaching, combined with the actual situation of junior high school physics teaching in Yunnan Province, this paper makes an investigation on the status quo of scaffolding teaching in physics electromagnetism teaching in junior high school by means of questionnaire survey. The results show that most teachers are not familiar with scaffolding teaching and can not be applied to teaching effectively. Effective use of scaffolds requires teachers to carefully study the types, links and methods of scaffolding teaching. On the basis of analyzing the questionnaire and taking the teaching difficulties as an example, this paper designs three teaching cases: Ohm's law, electric power and electrogenomagnetic. In the process of case design, the reasons of adopting scaffolding teaching, the steps of teaching design, the theoretical basis of each step and the difficulties of students' learning are analyzed, introspected and summarized respectively.
【学位授予单位】：云南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.7

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