许谦的教育思想对当下语文教育的启示

发布时间：2018-06-08 08:15

本文选题：元朝 + 许谦　；参考：《南京师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：本论文以文献研究法主,比较研究法为辅,旨在介绍许谦教育思想的具体观点,探究其教育思想产生的原因,概括其教育思想的特点,并阐述其教育思想对当下语文教育的启发。许谦是元朝著名的教育家、理学家。他从事教育近四十年,积累了丰富的教育经验,教学成果显著,促进了朱子理学的光大。在长期的教育实践中,许谦以“学为圣人”为教育目标,以儒家的“五伦”、“五常”和《四书》与《五经》为主要教育内容,对学生进行道德教育和知识教育,以培养出德才兼备的经世致用型人才。在教学过程中,许谦一方面强调学生要有立志、坚持、惜时等学习态度,掌握博精结合、学思结合、知行结合等学习方法;另一方面,他又重视教师教书育人的作用,强调德智兼备的从师标准,认为教师在教学中要以和蔼而又严谨的态度,遵循因材施教、循序渐进、实事求是的教学原则,使用讲议结合的教学方法等提高授课效率。许谦的这些思想涉及到教育的目标、功能、内容、方法、教师观与教学观等多个方面的内容。自幼受家学熏陶、学术师承朱子一脉的个人经历,以及当时崇尚实用的风尚、丧失独尊地位的儒家受到内外多种力量冲击等实际社会情况,是许谦教育思想产生的重要原因,同时也促使他的教育思想呈现出和会朱陆学说、注重实用以及通过教育传承传统儒家文化,特别是程朱理学的特点。许谦的教育思想对当下的语文教育具有重要的启示及借鉴价值,即语文教师要正确看待语文学科“工具性”与“人文性”的特点,进而在当下语文教学中,既要传授学生具体的语文知识,教会其学习方法,也要注重语文的“人文性”,促进学生道德的完善,实现学生道德与智力的和谐发展。此外,语文教师要注重继承传统,立足当下,并吸收外来文化的精华,促进传统文化不断发展;要以哲学等知识构建具有自身特色的教育目标,并从道德、知识与教学技能等多个方面不断提高自身的专业素养等。本论文的主要内容如下:绪论部分介绍选题的缘由及意义、国内外研究现状、概念界定、研究思路及方法。第一章阐述许谦的基本信息,包括他的生平、学派及著述;第二章阐述许谦教育的目标、功能及其对当下语文教育的启示;第三章阐述许谦教育思想的内容、学习态度与方法及其对当下语文教育的启示;第四章阐述许谦的教师观、教学观,总结许谦教育思想的特点及其对当下语文教育的启示。附录补充关于许谦的部分传记资料、教育教学的部分篇章及他一些高足的简介。
[Abstract]:This thesis, which is mainly based on the literature research method and supplemented by the comparative research method, aims at introducing the specific viewpoints of Xu Qian's educational thought, exploring the reasons for the emergence of his educational thought, and generalizing the characteristics of his educational thought. And elaborated its educational thought to the present Chinese education enlightenment. Xu Qian was a famous educator and Neo-Confucianism in Yuan Dynasty. He was engaged in education for nearly forty years, accumulated rich educational experience, and achieved remarkable teaching results, which promoted the development of Zhuzi Neo-Confucianism. In his long-term educational practice, Xu Qian took "learning as a saint" as his educational goal, and Confucian "five Lun", "five Chang", "four Books" and "five Classics" as the main contents of education to educate students on morality and knowledge. In order to cultivate a combination of moral and practical talents. In the course of teaching, on the one hand, Xu Qian stressed that students should have a learning attitude such as determination, persistence, and timespan; they should master the learning methods such as the combination of learning, learning and thinking, and the combination of knowledge and practice; on the other hand, he also attached importance to the role of teachers in teaching and educating people. Emphasizing the standard of teachers with both morality and intelligence, it is believed that teachers should adopt a kind and rigorous attitude in teaching, follow the teaching principles of teaching according to their aptitude, step by step, seek truth from facts, and improve the teaching efficiency by using the teaching method of combination of teaching and discussion. These thoughts relate to the aims, functions, contents, methods, teachers and teaching views of education. Since childhood, influenced by family studies, academic teachers have inherited Zhu Zi's personal experience, as well as the actual social conditions, such as the prevailing practice of advocating practicality at that time, and the fact that Confucianism, which lost its exclusive status, was impacted by a variety of forces inside and outside, is an important reason for the emergence of Xu Qian's educational thought. At the same time, it also urges his educational thought to present the characteristics of Zhu Luxue, focusing on practicality and inheriting the traditional Confucian culture through education, especially the characteristics of Cheng Zhu Neo-Confucianism. Xu Qian's educational thought has important enlightenment and reference value to the present Chinese education, that is, Chinese teachers should correctly treat the characteristics of "instrumentality" and "humanism" of Chinese subject, and then in the present Chinese teaching, It is necessary to teach students specific Chinese knowledge, teach them how to learn, pay attention to the humanism of Chinese, promote the improvement of students' morality, and realize the harmonious development of students' morality and intelligence. In addition, Chinese teachers should pay attention to inheriting tradition, base themselves on the present, absorb the essence of foreign culture, and promote the continuous development of traditional culture. Knowledge and teaching skills and other aspects of continuous improvement of their own professional literacy. The main contents of this paper are as follows: the introduction part introduces the reason and significance of the topic, domestic and foreign research status, concept definition, research ideas and methods. The first chapter expounds the basic information of Xu Qian, including his life, school and writings; the second chapter expounds the goal, function and enlightenment to the present Chinese education; the third chapter expounds the content of Xu Qian's educational thought. The fourth chapter expounds Xu Qian's view of teachers and teaching, summarizes the characteristics of Xu Qian's educational thought and its enlightenment to the present Chinese education. The appendix supplements some biographies of Xu Qian, some chapters of education and teaching, and some of his high-profile.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.3

【参考文献】