基于结构性工作单的科学探究评价之实证研究
发布时间：2018-08-06 15:48
【摘要】：随着基础教育改革的深入,科学教育工作者和研究人员越来越清楚地认识到,科学教育的终极目标是“科学素养”,把一小部分人培养成科学家不是科学教育的目的,而是要把所有人都培养成有科学素养的人。因此,近代深化科学教育的改革中,凸显了科学探究的地位,与之相对应的是如何评价科学探究?鉴于科学探究的特殊性,传统的纸笔测验显然不能完全胜任对科学探究的评价,受到教育者的诟病,教育者孜孜以求更加适合科学探究的多样化评价方式。研究者发现表现性评价似乎更加契合科学探究评价,表现性评价包括现场观察和工作单,后者因其高效性被应用于诸多国际性评价项目中。我国的新课程标准凸显了科学探究的重要地位,同时也对科学探究的评价提出了新的要求。与现场观察法不同的是,工作单不需要耗费过大的人力物力,一个施测者就可以完成几十人甚至更多人的评价任务,尤其适合我国的国情,近年来被我国研究者所推崇,但是我国对工作单的研究尚不多,因而基于工作单对科学探究进行评价的研究具有十分重要的理论和实践意义。科学探究评价的研究表明,任何关于科学探究的评价都无法绕开两个重要问题,即：科学探究是什么?采用何种评价方式?本研究基于美国《新一代科学教育标准》(NGSS)中科学探究的内涵和要素,以结构性工作单的方式作新的更深尝试,以期为研究者和教育者提供参考。本论文共分为七章,引言部分简要阐述了工作单研究的概况,并从深化课程改革的内在需求、科学核心素养提出内涵落实的需要以及科学探究评价的困难三个方面分析了本研究选题的意义。第一章,文献综述。对国内外学者在科学探究、工作单、结构性工作单方面的研究方面做了较为详尽的综述,展示了领域内的研究尝试和研究成果,为研究的开展奠定了坚实的理论基础。第二章,本论文的研究理论基础。研究以多元智力理论和建构主义学习理论作为理论基础。概括来说,多元智力理论认为每个学生都是独特的,应当注意到个体之间发展的差异性和个体发展的不均衡性。而建构主义的观点认为,教育评价的重点应该是知识获得的过程,而不仅仅是结果。第三章,研究问题与设计。首先明确提出了论文研究的主要问题。其次,梳理和界定了“科学探究”、“表现性评价”和“工作单”的核心概念。在此基础上,确立了本文的研究路线和方法,研究路线主要是构建和修订工作单的评价指标,并应用结构性工作单评估浙江省初中学生的科学探究现状,并主要采用以文献法、问卷调查法和访谈法开展研究。第四章,基于工作单的科学探究评价指标的构建。评价目标以美国《新一代科学教育标准》中对“科学探究”的要素和期望为依据。评价的任务有多方面的途径,本文主要解析我国《义务教育初中科学课程标准》中适合作为评价任务的内容。在认真解读NGSS中科学探究的要素和内涵后,结合教育专家的意见形成了本研究的评价指标。然后基于结构性工作单的设计思想研究设计了结构性工作单的主要框架。此外,设计了三个工作单(工作单A、工作单B、工作单C)进行了试测,检验了结构性工作单的可行性并对本研究的评价指标进行了修订。第五章,工作单的编制与调研。介绍了调研工具的设计、调研对象的选择以及文本编码等前期工作。第六章,数据分析。采用试测过的三个工作单,选择了浙江省温州市阁巷中学、金华市第十六中学和舟山市岱山初级中学,共计三个地市、三所学校、360名学生进行了施测。从探究任务和地区两个维度,结合定量分析和定性分析对调研数据进行了深入分析。第七章,研究结论、反思与建议。本章总述了本研究研究形成的结论,分析了研究过程中的条件限制和不足,并对研究的进一步展开提供了建议。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of the reform of basic education, scientific educators and researchers have become more and more aware that the ultimate goal of science education is "scientific literacy". It is not the purpose of science education to cultivate a small number of people as scientific education, but to bring all people into scientific literacy. Therefore, modern education is deepened. In the reform, it highlights the position of scientific inquiry, and how to evaluate scientific inquiry. In view of the particularity of scientific inquiry, the traditional paper and pen tests are obviously not fully competent for the evaluation of scientific inquiry, criticized by the educators, and the educator diligently seeks a variety of evaluation methods suitable for scientific inquiry. The present performance evaluation seems to be more consistent with the scientific inquiry evaluation. The performance evaluation includes field observation and work sheet. The latter has been applied to many international evaluation projects because of its high efficiency. The new curriculum standards in China have highlighted the importance of scientific inquiry, and also put forward new requirements for the evaluation of scientific research. The difference is that the work list does not need to consume too much manpower and material resources, and a measuring person can accomplish the evaluation task of dozens or even more people, especially suitable for our country's national conditions. In recent years, it has been praised by the researchers in our country, but there are not many studies on the work sheet in China, so the research on the evaluation of scientific inquiry based on the work sheet is based on the work sheet. There is a very important theoretical and practical significance. The research of scientific inquiry evaluation shows that any evaluation of scientific inquiry can not bypass two important issues, namely: what is scientific inquiry and what kind of evaluation? Based on the connotation and elements of scientific inquiry in the new generation of scientific education standards (NGSS) of the United States, this study is structured as a structural worker. This paper is divided into seven chapters in this paper. This paper is divided into seven chapters. The introduction gives a brief introduction to the survey of the work sheet, and analyzes the needs of the curriculum reform, the need for the implementation of the connotation of scientific core literacy and the difficulty of the scientific inquiry evaluation in three aspects. Research on the significance of the topic. Chapter 1, literature review. This paper makes a detailed overview of the domestic and foreign scholars' research on scientific inquiry, work sheet and structural work, shows the research attempt and research results in the field, and lays a solid theoretical foundation for the development of the research. The second chapter, the research theory foundation of this paper. The theory of multiple intelligence and constructivist learning theory are the theoretical basis. In general, the theory of multiple intelligence holds that every student is unique, and should pay attention to the difference between individual development and the unbalance of individual development. Not only the results. The third chapter, the research problems and the design. First, the main problems of the thesis are put forward clearly. Secondly, the core concepts of "scientific inquiry", "expressive evaluation" and "work sheet" are combed and defined. On this basis, the research routes and methods of this paper are established, and the main route of the study is to construct and revise the work. Single evaluation index, and the application of structural work sheet to evaluate the current situation of scientific inquiry of junior high school students in Zhejiang Province, and mainly use literature, questionnaire and interview to carry out research. The fourth chapter, the construction of scientific inquiry evaluation index based on work sheet. The evaluation goal is "scientific inquiry" in the new generation science education standard of the United States. On the basis of the factors and expectations, there are many ways to evaluate the task. This paper mainly analyzes the content of the scientific curriculum standard for junior high school in compulsory education in China, which is suitable for the evaluation task. After careful interpretation of the elements and connotations of the scientific inquiry in NGSS, the evaluation index of this study is formed with the opinions of the experts of education. And then the structure is based on the structure of the evaluation. The design thought of sex work sheet was designed to design the main framework of structural work sheet. In addition, three work sheets (work sheet A, work sheet B, work single C) were designed and tested. The feasibility of the structural work sheet was tested and the evaluation index of this study was revised. The fifth chapter, the compilation and investigation of the work sheet, and the introduction of the survey and research workers. The design, the choice of the research object and the text coding and other prophase work. Sixth chapters, data analysis. Using three worksheets tested, selected Zhejiang Wenzhou City Pavilion middle school, Jinhua sixteenth middle school and Zhoushan city Daishan junior high school, a total of three cities, three schools, 360 students carried out testing. From the inquiry task and The two dimensions of the region are analyzed in depth by quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis. Seventh chapters, research conclusions, reflection and suggestions. This chapter summarizes the conclusions formed in this study, analyzes the constraints and deficiencies of the research process, and provides suggestions for further research.
【学位授予单位】：浙江师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G633.98
本文编号：2168205
[Abstract]:With the deepening of the reform of basic education, scientific educators and researchers have become more and more aware that the ultimate goal of science education is "scientific literacy". It is not the purpose of science education to cultivate a small number of people as scientific education, but to bring all people into scientific literacy. Therefore, modern education is deepened. In the reform, it highlights the position of scientific inquiry, and how to evaluate scientific inquiry. In view of the particularity of scientific inquiry, the traditional paper and pen tests are obviously not fully competent for the evaluation of scientific inquiry, criticized by the educators, and the educator diligently seeks a variety of evaluation methods suitable for scientific inquiry. The present performance evaluation seems to be more consistent with the scientific inquiry evaluation. The performance evaluation includes field observation and work sheet. The latter has been applied to many international evaluation projects because of its high efficiency. The new curriculum standards in China have highlighted the importance of scientific inquiry, and also put forward new requirements for the evaluation of scientific research. The difference is that the work list does not need to consume too much manpower and material resources, and a measuring person can accomplish the evaluation task of dozens or even more people, especially suitable for our country's national conditions. In recent years, it has been praised by the researchers in our country, but there are not many studies on the work sheet in China, so the research on the evaluation of scientific inquiry based on the work sheet is based on the work sheet. There is a very important theoretical and practical significance. The research of scientific inquiry evaluation shows that any evaluation of scientific inquiry can not bypass two important issues, namely: what is scientific inquiry and what kind of evaluation? Based on the connotation and elements of scientific inquiry in the new generation of scientific education standards (NGSS) of the United States, this study is structured as a structural worker. This paper is divided into seven chapters in this paper. This paper is divided into seven chapters. The introduction gives a brief introduction to the survey of the work sheet, and analyzes the needs of the curriculum reform, the need for the implementation of the connotation of scientific core literacy and the difficulty of the scientific inquiry evaluation in three aspects. Research on the significance of the topic. Chapter 1, literature review. This paper makes a detailed overview of the domestic and foreign scholars' research on scientific inquiry, work sheet and structural work, shows the research attempt and research results in the field, and lays a solid theoretical foundation for the development of the research. The second chapter, the research theory foundation of this paper. The theory of multiple intelligence and constructivist learning theory are the theoretical basis. In general, the theory of multiple intelligence holds that every student is unique, and should pay attention to the difference between individual development and the unbalance of individual development. Not only the results. The third chapter, the research problems and the design. First, the main problems of the thesis are put forward clearly. Secondly, the core concepts of "scientific inquiry", "expressive evaluation" and "work sheet" are combed and defined. On this basis, the research routes and methods of this paper are established, and the main route of the study is to construct and revise the work. Single evaluation index, and the application of structural work sheet to evaluate the current situation of scientific inquiry of junior high school students in Zhejiang Province, and mainly use literature, questionnaire and interview to carry out research. The fourth chapter, the construction of scientific inquiry evaluation index based on work sheet. The evaluation goal is "scientific inquiry" in the new generation science education standard of the United States. On the basis of the factors and expectations, there are many ways to evaluate the task. This paper mainly analyzes the content of the scientific curriculum standard for junior high school in compulsory education in China, which is suitable for the evaluation task. After careful interpretation of the elements and connotations of the scientific inquiry in NGSS, the evaluation index of this study is formed with the opinions of the experts of education. And then the structure is based on the structure of the evaluation. The design thought of sex work sheet was designed to design the main framework of structural work sheet. In addition, three work sheets (work sheet A, work sheet B, work single C) were designed and tested. The feasibility of the structural work sheet was tested and the evaluation index of this study was revised. The fifth chapter, the compilation and investigation of the work sheet, and the introduction of the survey and research workers. The design, the choice of the research object and the text coding and other prophase work. Sixth chapters, data analysis. Using three worksheets tested, selected Zhejiang Wenzhou City Pavilion middle school, Jinhua sixteenth middle school and Zhoushan city Daishan junior high school, a total of three cities, three schools, 360 students carried out testing. From the inquiry task and The two dimensions of the region are analyzed in depth by quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis. Seventh chapters, research conclusions, reflection and suggestions. This chapter summarizes the conclusions formed in this study, analyzes the constraints and deficiencies of the research process, and provides suggestions for further research.
【学位授予单位】：浙江师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G633.98
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