基于知识分类的高中物理教学策略与方法研究

发布时间：2018-08-18 12:32

【摘要】：物理学是一门基于实验的基础自然科学,高中物理课程肩负起进一步提高学生的科学素养、促进学生全面发展的重任。《普通高中物理课程标准(实验)》的课程基本理念中提出,让学生积极参与、乐于探究、用于实验、勤于思考;学生学习物理知识技能需要多样化的教学方式,提高学生的科学探究能力,使学生形成科学态度与科学精神。本文以《普通高中物理课程标准(实验)》为依据,运用文献法和内容分析法来研究高中物理教学策略和方法。依据安德森的知识分类理论,对高中物理必修1、必修2和选修3的五个模块进行了知识梳理,并梳理出具体物理知识对应的科学方法。之后把梳理出的物理知识分为陈述性知识和程序性知识,并在不同类型知识的背景下研究了其学习过程。陈述性知识的学习实际上是命题知识的学习,依据命题知识的一般教学理论和高中物理命题知识的学习特点,分析了高中物理命题知识学习的三种模式,列举出了程序性知识包括的智慧技能知识、认知策略知识和动作技能知识的具体的物理教学案例;另外,列举出了物理学习的习得阶段和应用阶段所运用的科学方法,并通过具体例子分析出科学方法如何运用。基于知识的分类和不同知识的学习机理,建构了高中物理教学策略与方法模型。陈述性知识和程序性知识在知识习得阶段具有相同的学习心理机制,根据新旧知识是否存在关联,选择观察、归纳、概括、演绎、推断、对比等教学方法;陈述性知识的巩固阶段、迁移阶段和程序性知识的转化阶段、应用阶段对应的学习心理过程具有不同的特点,依据不同的特点分别提出了具体的教学策略和方法。为了高中物理教学策略与方法模型的有效利用,设计了基于高中物理知识结构的教学策略与方法案例和基于高中物理知识分类的教学策略与方法案例。本文根据认知心理学和信息加工理论提出了基于知识分类的高中物理教学策略和方法,对高中物理教学提供了参考借鉴。
[Abstract]:Physics is a basic natural science based on experiment. Physics curriculum in senior high school shoulders the important task of further improving students' scientific literacy and promoting students' all-round development. Students should participate actively, be willing to explore, be used for experiments and be diligent in thinking. Students need a variety of teaching methods to learn physics knowledge and skills, improve students' ability of scientific inquiry, and make students form scientific attitude and scientific spirit. Based on the General Senior High School Physics Curriculum Standard (experiment), this paper uses literature method and content analysis method to study the teaching strategies and methods of physics in senior high school. According to Anderson's theory of knowledge classification, this paper combs the five modules of high school physics compulsory 1, compulsory 2 and elective 3, and sorts out the corresponding scientific methods of physical knowledge. Then the physical knowledge is divided into declarative knowledge and procedural knowledge, and the learning process is studied under the background of different types of knowledge. The study of declarative knowledge is actually the study of propositional knowledge. According to the general teaching theory of propositional knowledge and the learning characteristics of propositional knowledge in senior high school, this paper analyzes three modes of learning propositional knowledge in high school physics. The specific examples of physics teaching, including the knowledge of wisdom and skill, the knowledge of cognitive strategy and the knowledge of action skills, are listed. In addition, the scientific methods used in the acquisition and application stages of physics learning are listed. And through concrete examples to analyze how to use the scientific method. Based on the classification of knowledge and the learning mechanism of different knowledge, the teaching strategies and methods of physics in senior high school are constructed. Declarative knowledge and procedural knowledge have the same learning psychological mechanism in the stage of knowledge acquisition. According to the relationship between new and old knowledge, we choose teaching methods such as observation, induction, generalization, deduction, inference and contrast. The corresponding learning psychological process of declarative knowledge consolidation stage, transfer stage and procedural knowledge transformation stage, application stage has different characteristics. According to the different characteristics, this paper puts forward specific teaching strategies and methods. In order to make effective use of the model of physics teaching strategy and method in senior high school, the case of teaching strategy and method based on the structure of physics knowledge in senior high school and the case of teaching strategy and method based on classification of physics knowledge in senior high school are designed. According to cognitive psychology and information processing theory, this paper puts forward the teaching strategies and methods of senior high school physics based on knowledge classification, which provides a reference for senior high school physics teaching.
【学位授予单位】：延边大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.7

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