中国人教版与美国McGraw版初中生物教材中知识内容的比较研究

发布时间：2018-09-11 07:39

【摘要】：当今世界,科学技术突飞猛进,知识经济加速到来,国力竞争日趋激烈。教育的质量决定着一个国家的综合国力,世界各国都普遍重视国家的教育问题。学校教育是教育的主要形式,教材是学校教育传承知识的主要载体,是学生获得知识的重要资源,一本好的教材对于提高学生的科学素养具有重要意义。教材中所选择的知识内容有助于学生的未来发展,到底哪些知识有助于学生的未来发展?本研究通过文本比较分析法从课程设计理念、知识目标、知识内容标准(生态学和遗传学)三个层面比较中美两国在国家层面上对生物课程的重视程度,以及希望学生学习生物课程后在知识层面所要达到的程度;通过文本比较分析法从知识的广度与深度、知识内容的编排结构、同一概念不同水平理解三个方面比较中国人教版和美国麦格劳-希尔教育集团(McGraw-Hill Education)主编的初中生物教材中生态学和遗传学的知识内容的差异性;通过问卷调查法对贵阳市20位初中优秀生物教师进行随机抽样调查,以了解当前贵阳市初中生物教师的专业知识水平。通过本研究发现,中国人教版初中生物教材中生态学与遗传学知识内容存在着以下三个方面的问题:(1)知识的广度和深度较浅;(2)知识点分布较散,知识之间逻辑关系不强;(3)知识的更新速度较慢。一本好的教材应保证知识内容的科学性、准确性以及知识体系的完整性,据此对人教版初中生物教材的编写提出了以下建议:(1)精选知识内容,增加知识的深度和广度;(2)遵循学生认知规律的同时,加大知识间的逻辑关系;(3)及时更新知识内容,加入当前科学前沿知识。教材的编写给教师自由处理教材留下了一定的空间,具有一定的灵活性,但对于贵阳市20位初中优秀生物教师专业水平的调查发现,当前贵阳市初中生物教师的专业水平不足,因此在以后的教师培养方面应加强对初中生物教师专业知识水平的提高。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, with the rapid development of science and technology, the acceleration of knowledge economy and the increasingly fierce competition of national strength, the quality of education determines a country's comprehensive national strength, and countries all over the world attach great importance to national education. Important resources, a good textbook for improving students'scientific literacy is of great significance. The knowledge content selected in the textbook is conducive to students' future development. What knowledge is conducive to students'future development? Genetics) Comparing the importance of biology curriculum at the national level between China and the United States, and the extent to which students are expected to attain knowledge level after learning biology curriculum; Comparing the breadth and depth of knowledge, the arrangement of knowledge content and the understanding of the same concept at different levels through text comparative analysis The difference of ecological and genetic knowledge content in junior high school biology textbooks edited by Chinese Educational Press and McGraw-Hill Education of the United States was investigated by questionnaires among 20 excellent junior high school biology teachers in Guiyang, in order to understand the current professional knowledge of junior high school biology teachers in Guiyang. Ping. Through this study, we found that there are three problems in the content of ecology and genetics knowledge in junior high school biology textbooks published by the Chinese Educational Press: (1) the breadth and depth of knowledge are shallow; (2) the distribution of knowledge points is scattered, and the logical relationship between knowledge is not strong; (3) the update speed of knowledge is slow. A good textbook should ensure the subject of knowledge content. Based on this, the author puts forward the following suggestions for the compilation of junior high school biology textbooks: (1) Selecting the content of knowledge, increasing the depth and breadth of knowledge; (2) Following the students'cognitive rules, enlarging the logical relationship between knowledge; (3) Updating the content of knowledge in time, adding the current frontier knowledge of science. The compilation of the textbooks leaves some space for teachers to handle the textbooks freely and has certain flexibility. However, the survey of 20 excellent biology teachers in Guiyang shows that the professional level of biology teachers in Guiyang is insufficient at present, so the professional knowledge of biology teachers in junior middle schools should be strengthened in the future. Level improvement.
【学位授予单位】：贵州师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.91

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