初中化学结构不良问题解决的策略研究

发布时间：2019-02-14 19:45

【摘要】：问题的解决一直是教育研究领域的热点之一,但是这方面的研究主要集中在结构良好问题领域,涉及到结构不良问题的研究较少。在化学学科领域,关于结构不良问题的研究更少。化学结构不良问题在生活中普遍存在。因此,对化学结构不良问题的相关方面进行研究,具有理论和现实的双重意义。本文在相关理论的基础上,主要采用问卷调查法、口语报告法,对初中化学结构不良问题解决的策略进行研究。首先,阅读相关的文献资料,掌握研究的一般方法,制定出合理的研究方案。其次,以初中生为研究对象,调查学生解决化学结构不良问题的情况,分析学生解题的策略,并以此为依据归纳出解决化学结构不良问题的有效策略。最后,将策略运用到教学中,对学生进行策略训练,考察这些策略对提升学生解题能力的有效作用。通过一系列的实践研究,结果表明:(1)初中生解决化学结构不良问题的情况不容乐观。大多数学生在解题上存在障碍。大部分学生认为自己缺乏相应的策略,不能合理地选取、应用策略。(2)优等生在解题时使用认知策略的频次高于中等生,主要表现在:在问题表征阶段,优等生更能从整体上把握题意,在理解题意的基础上判定解题的方向;在问题解决阶段,优等生更善于进行正向推理,否定已有不当思路,重新判定解题的方向。(3)优等生在解题时使用元认知策略的频次高于中等生,主要表现在:优等生更善于运用自我指导、自我监控策略,有效控制自己的解题行为。(4)解决化学结构不良问题的有效策略可归结为:综合分析策略、信息简化策略、整体思维策略、“头脑风暴”策略、由因求果策略、思维转换策略。(5)将有效策略运用到教学中,对初中生进行策略训练,能有效提高其解决化学结构不良问题的能力。
[Abstract]:Problem solving has always been one of the hotspots in the field of educational research, but the research in this field is mainly focused on the well-structured problem area, and there is little research on the structural problem. In the field of chemistry, less research has been done on structural problems. The problem of poor chemical structure is common in life. Therefore, it is of both theoretical and practical significance to study the related aspects of the problem of poor chemical structure. On the basis of relevant theories, this paper mainly adopts questionnaire survey and oral report to study the strategies of solving the problem of poor chemical structure in junior high school. First of all, read the relevant literature, master the general methods of research, and work out a reasonable research program. Secondly, taking junior high school students as the research object, this paper investigates the situation of students solving the problem of poor chemical structure, analyzes the strategies of solving problems of students, and sums up the effective strategies to solve the problem of poor chemical structure. Finally, the strategies are applied to the teaching, and the students are trained in strategies, and the effective effects of these strategies on improving the students' ability to solve problems are investigated. Through a series of practical studies, the results show that: (1) the situation of solving the problem of poor chemical structure of junior high school students is not optimistic. Most students have difficulty solving problems. Most of the students think that they lack the corresponding strategies, can not be reasonably selected, and apply strategies. (2) the excellent students use cognitive strategies more frequently than the middle students in solving problems, mainly in the stage of problem representation. The top students can grasp the meaning of the question on the whole and judge the direction of solving the problem on the basis of understanding the meaning of the question; In the problem solving stage, the top students are better at positive reasoning, negate the existing improper thinking, and re-judge the direction of problem solving. (3) the students use metacognitive strategies more frequently than the middle students. The main results are as follows: the excellent students are better at using self-guidance, self-monitoring strategies, and effectively controlling their problem-solving behaviors. (4) the effective strategies for solving the problem of poor chemical structure can be summed up as: comprehensive analysis strategy, information simplification strategy, The whole thinking strategy, "brainstorming" strategy, from the result seeking strategy, the thinking transformation strategy. (5) applies the effective strategy to the teaching, carries on the strategy training to the junior high school student, can effectively improve their ability to solve the problem of the bad chemical structure.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G633.8
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本文编号：2422542