初中生空间观念的现状调查及培养策略研究

发布时间：2019-06-27 07:51

【摘要】：空间观念是培养初中生创新精神的基本条件,也是当前初中数学教学的一项重要内容。随着新课程教学改革的不断深入,如何培养初中生空间观念成为了数学教育的重要目标。本文的研究内容主要是在国内外相关研究基础上,建立初中生数学空间观念能力框架,编制测试问卷,选取4个学校共398个初三学生作为样本进行调查,了解现阶段初中生空间思维能力现状,根据问卷结果分析各维度相关性和差异性等情况;结合教师调查,提出相应教学建议。学生测试结果的分析表明:1.总体上,被试学生中大多数学生在空间观念问卷中基本过关,但同时也有部分学生空间意识薄弱、动手能力差、分析能力差等问题。2.纵观当前初三学生空间观念思维水平,约85%的学生达到水平一,能通过常规方式解决简单问题,72%的学生达到水平二,面对稍复杂问题时能将问题各要素联系起来,33%的学生能达到水平三,思维较严谨、遇到问题时思路较清晰、具备一定的数学直觉。3.各基本情况中,学业成绩越好的学生,问卷得分越高;地区上有一些差异但需要进一步研究,如考察不同地区的教材异同,数学实验开展是否有助于提高空间思维能力,性别上的差异没有统计学意义。在对教师的调查中发现:1.教师群体普遍认同空间观念的重要性,对课程标准中空间观念内涵的理解也较好。2.教学上,教师基本都注重学生空间思维能力的培养。针对上述情况,我们提出如下关于培养学生数学空间观念的教学建议:首先,要在课堂中多呈现反应空间观念知识的素材,最大程度将学生的空间观念意识培养起来。与此同时,要重视概念的教学,强化概念之间的本质联系,让空间观念的学习可以形成一个体系。其次,要强调作图的操作程序,规范学生的解题步骤,正确引导学生的解题策略,渗透数学思想方法,让学生在解题思路的不断规范中,找到正确的解题思路和方法。最后,要提高教师综合素质,重视学生空间观念的培养。
[Abstract]:The concept of space is the basic condition to cultivate the innovative spirit of junior high school students, and it is also an important content of mathematics teaching in junior middle school at present. With the deepening of the teaching reform of the new curriculum, how to cultivate the spatial concept of junior high school students has become an important goal of mathematics education. The research content of this paper is mainly on the basis of relevant research at home and abroad, establish the framework of mathematical spatial concept ability of junior high school students, compile a test questionnaire, select 398 junior high school students in 4 schools as samples to investigate, understand the current situation of spatial thinking ability of junior high school students, analyze the correlation and differences of each dimension according to the results of the questionnaire, combined with the teacher survey, put forward the corresponding teaching suggestions. The analysis of the students' test results shows that: 1. On the whole, most of the students basically passed the questionnaire on space concept, but at the same time, some students also had some problems, such as weak spatial consciousness, poor practical ability, poor analytical ability and so on. Throughout the current level of spatial concept thinking of junior high school students, about 85% of the students can reach the level one, can solve simple problems through the conventional way, 72% of the students can reach the second level, in the face of slightly complex problems can be linked to the various elements of the problem, 33% of the students can reach the level 3, the thinking is more rigorous, the train of thought is clearer when encountered the problem, and has a certain mathematical intuition. 3. In each basic case, the better the academic performance of the students, the higher the score of the questionnaire; there are some regional differences but need to be further studied, such as investigating the similarities and differences of teaching materials in different regions, whether the development of mathematical experiments is conducive to improving spatial thinking ability, gender differences are not statistically significant. In the survey of teachers, it was found that: 1. The group of teachers generally agrees with the importance of the concept of space, and has a good understanding of the connotation of the concept of space in the curriculum standard. 2. In teaching, teachers basically pay attention to the cultivation of students' spatial thinking ability. In view of the above situation, we put forward the following teaching suggestions on the cultivation of students' mathematical spatial concept: first of all, we should present more materials reflecting the knowledge of spatial concept in class, so as to cultivate students' spatial concept consciousness to the greatest extent. At the same time, we should pay attention to the teaching of concepts, strengthen the essential relationship between concepts, so that the study of spatial concepts can form a system. Secondly, it is necessary to emphasize the operation procedure of drawing, standardize the students' problem-solving steps, correctly guide the students' problem-solving strategies, infiltrate the mathematical thinking methods, and let the students find the correct problem-solving ideas and methods in the continuous standardization of the problem-solving train of thought. Finally, we should improve the comprehensive quality of teachers and attach importance to the cultivation of students' concept of space.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.6

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