论唐代惩贪法律

发布时间：2018-02-08 13:22

本文关键词： 《唐律疏议》赃罪以法治吏法律文化精神　出处：《吉林大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：贪污受贿罪是国家工作人员实施的一类比较严重的经济犯罪,它不仅严重侵害了公共财产的所有权,并且极大的败坏了国家工作人员的声誉,损害了党和政府在人民心目中的威信,因而具有严重的社会危害性。官员犯赃罪的问题从古至今一直成为社会众多痼疾中最为严重和极具社会危害性的一个,我们很难从根本上消灭这个现象。在等级森严的封建社会中,在权势和金钱等各种利益的诱逼之下,古代官吏对于不断增长的社会财富,始终心怀贪婪,因为封建社会的私有制促使人们尽可能把利益归于自己的手中。从各种史料中,我们也不难看出,历朝历代的统治者都希望通过自己的努力来改变这个社会顽疾,维护自己的统治地位,使国家机器正常运作,就需要另一个权力的平台,那就是对于官僚队伍的建设。在唐代初期,统治者深刻认识和剖析了隋朝贪污贿赂成风,从而导致王朝迅速灭亡的结果,所以,他们非常重视对官吏的治理,《武德律》和《贞观律》都规定了有关对官吏贪污贿赂犯罪的处罚,在唐高宗即位时,吸收了前人的经验和教训,制成了中华法系的极大成者《唐律疏议》,共12篇,30卷,502条,近300条是有关官吏职务犯罪的内容,其中属于官吏犯赃罪的经济条款有30条左右,这些立法思想主要集中在《名例律》和《职制律》,对于“六赃罪”的首创,具有非常鲜明的特色,法条极其严苛,从各个方面杜绝了严防官吏贪污腐败的发生,这样的立法方式,对于缓和阶级矛盾,提高法律的效能,并且促进了社会的繁荣发展。作为对官吏犯赃罪的平衡杠杆,唐律起到了一个支撑和监督的作用,正如美国著名法学家博登海默曾说：“只要法律统治存在着,自由行使手中的权力就会受到规范的阻隔,统治者的行为方式也存在约束。”唐律在从严整治吏的思想指导下制定的一整套刑法原则和刑法制度。虽然这种法律精神不能与当时封建社会的性质相分离,但是这部法律对于后世的影响是难以估量的,直到现在,对于我们一直关注的政府官员的廉政建设仍具有非凡的借鉴作用。这篇论文我开篇将从《唐律疏议》中关于官吏所犯的四种赃罪开始分析,把这个问题作为一个切入点,研究唐律对官吏贪污犯罪的惩治思想,这第一部分会分成四个点来谈,也就是唐律中所规定的四种赃罪：受财枉法罪,受财不枉法罪,受所监临财物罪和坐赃罪,在受财枉法罪和受所监临财物罪以及坐赃罪中,还通过了“以,准”字例的研究方法来具体分析这三个重要的罪名,并且每一个罪名都会通过一些实际的案例来研究,为论文的最后留下伏笔。接着,第二个部分会谈到唐代惩治贪官的法律特点,通过对其量刑情节的研究,为文章的结尾做铺垫,在这个部分中又分成人,物和犯罪的主观方面这三个点讲,人分为监临官与非监临官,食禄者与无禄者,供己吏员与非供己吏员,首犯与从犯,在任官与离任官,而物这个方面就谈赃物的范围,赃物的入己与入官的区别和退赃的情况的处罚问题,在主观意识这个点谈区分收受和索取这两个方面的内容,通过这样的一个量刑情节的研究,更加能看出唐律的法律文化精神所在,所以整篇文章的前两个大部分就是逐层递进的来引出文章的最后的一个部分,分析形成唐律这样的一个法律思想的原因所在,并分析其法律文化精神,通过分析唐律的文化精神,并把这种精神应用到当时的司法实践过程中去,通过这样的手段理解唐代法律生活,深刻剖析唐律治官之法的文化精神。在中国五千年的历史长河中,廉政建设始终是历朝历代统治者一直不懈努力追求的精神所在,但是,对于私有制体系下的等级森严的封建社会,是不可能真正实现的。它的短暂出现也是在统治者刚刚建立起政权时,以维护和巩固自己的地位为目的。但是,可以说,无论是怎样的一个社会和政权都有着对廉政建设的强烈诉求。
[Abstract]:Bribery crime is a kind of implementation of the national staff of serious economic crime, it is not only a serious violation of the ownership of public property, and greatly tarnished the reputation of the national staff, damage to the party and the government prestige in the minds of the people, which has serious social harmfulness. Officials guilty of crime of bribery problem since ancient times has become many social ills in the one of the most serious and harmful to society, it is difficult to eliminate this phenomenon fundamentally.
In the hierarchy of the feudal society, under the various interests of power and money Youbi, ancient officials for the growing wealth of society, always be greedy, because private ownership of feudal society to encourage people to benefit their own hands as much as possible. From the historical data, we are not difficult to see, the rulers of dynasties hope that through their own efforts to change the social ills, maintain their dominant position, so that the normal operation of the state machinery, we need another power platform, that is the construction of the bureaucracy. In the early Tang Dynasty, the rulers of profound understanding and analysis of the corruption of the Sui Dynasty, which led to the collapse of the Dynasty so, they attach great importance to the governance of the officials, "martial law" and "law" the relevant provisions of the Zhenguan are officials of corruption and bribery cases in punishment, Tang Gao ascended the throne, absorbed Previous experience and lessons, made the Chinese legal system greatly as "tanglvshuyi", a total of 12, Volume 30, 502, 300 is related to the content of official duty crime, which belongs to the economic terms of officials guilty of crime of bribery has 30 or so, these thoughts are mainly concentrated in the name of "cases law > and < >" jobs for the first law, the six crime of bribery ", has very distinct characteristics, the law is extremely tough, from all aspects to prevent the occurrence of official corruption, such legislation mode, to ease the class contradictions, improve the legal effectiveness, and promote the prosperity and development of the society. As for balance lever officials guilty of crime of bribery, Tang played a supporting role and supervision, as the famous American jurist Bodenheimer said:" as long as there is the rule of law, free exercise of powers under the rules of the barrier, the ruler's behavior There is a constraint. A set of principles of criminal law and criminal law system of Tang in the strict regulation under the guidance of the officials. Although the nature of the spirit of the law and not feudal social separation, but the law is difficult to estimate the impact for the later generations until now, still have special reference to the construction of a clean government officials we have been concerned about.
This thesis begins from the I < Tanglushuyi four > on the official crime of bribery committed to analysis the problem as a starting point, the study of official corruption crime punishment thought, the first part will be divided into four points, four kinds of crime of bribery is the Tang Dynasty rules: by the financial pervert crime, not by the financial supervision by the crime law, property crime and crime of pecuniary malfeasance by the financial pervert, in crime and by supervising property crime and pecuniary malfeasance crime, but also by the "research method, quasi word cases to analyze the three important charges. And each one counts will come through some of the actual case, to finally leave room. Then, the second part talks to the Tang Dynasty legal characteristics of punishing corrupt officials, through the study of the sentencing, in order to pave the way for the end of the article, in this part is divided into adults, and the main crime The view of the three points, were divided into the chief executive and chief executive, food Paul and Paul, for their official and non official for oneself, and criminals accomplice, incumbent officer and outgoing officer, but this aspect is about the scope of punishment of stolen goods, stolen goods into oneself with the officer and the return of difference, in the subjective consciousness of accepting and obtain distinguish these two aspects, through the study of such a sentencing, more can see Tang's legal culture spirit, so the first two is the most progressive to lead a the last part of the article, the reasons for the formation of Tang Dynasty a legal thought this place, and analyzes its legal culture spirit, through the analysis of cultural spirit and the spirit of the Tang Dynasty, when applied to the judicial practice in the process, through such means to understand the law of Tang Dynasty The cultural spirit of life, a profound analysis of Tang official governing law.
In Chinese five thousand years of history, the construction has always been the rulers of various dynasties have been relentless pursuit of the spirit, but for private ownership under the hierarchical system of feudal society, it is impossible to achieve. It also appears briefly in the ruler had just established a regime, in order to maintain and consolidate their position for the purpose. However, it can be said that it is a social and political power to have a strong demand for construction of a clean government.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D929

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