软法概念的再思考

发布时间：2018-03-24 04:19

本文选题：法治　切入点：软法　出处：《湖南大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：软法大致有三个不同的语境。国际法语境下的软法指的是非条约性的协议,欧盟法语境下的软法指的是没有法律拘束力的行为规则,国家法语境下的软法指的是效力结构未必完整、无需依靠国家强制力保障实施,但能够产生社会实效的社会规范。软法的性质一直争执不下。支持者们以法律的多元性为理论基础,以社会学为视角,坚定“软法是法”；而反对者们则以法律的一元论为理论支撑,以法治化为重心,宣称“软法非法”。法律的多元主义演化成了软法研究领域的泛软法主义,即“一切规则皆法”的观点——一个规则如果不是硬法,那么肯定就是软法；哪怕是潜规则也是法,因为不是硬法,所以就是软法。法社会学衍生出了软法的“白马亦马”思潮,产生了软法是“非典型的法”的观点——部分国家法和全部的社会规则,因为缺少国家强制性,所以是软法。事实上,软法不仅缺少国家的强制力,还缺少司法适用性、法律效力层级和冲突规范。软法一方面在合法性的三个维度上有不同程度的弱化和缺失,软法的义务性不甚明了,而精确性也比较模糊,授权性又有所缺失；另一方面,软法也不是完整的规则体系,软法的二阶规则是残缺的,承认规则不突出,变更规则不明显,裁判规则不存在。软法的概念是矛盾的,把不是法的软法称之为法,不仅会导致思维的混乱也会引起法学研究话语的混乱,影响法律的安定性,对中国的法治建设带来诸多的弊端和不利因素。而把“软法”之名变更为“软规则”,则既保证了“软法”在公共治理中的功能和作用,又避免了软法概念的矛盾性,还凸显了软法的非法律性质。软规则,而不是软法,更契合软法现象的本质,是软法现象的合乎逻辑的语言符号。
[Abstract]:Soft law has three different contexts. In the context of international law, soft law refers to non-treaty agreements. In the context of European Union law, soft law refers to rules of conduct that are not legally binding. The soft law in the context of state law refers to the social norms which do not need to rely on the compulsory force of the state to guarantee the implementation but can produce social effect. The nature of soft law has always been controversial. Supporters take the pluralism of law as the theoretical basis and sociology as the angle of view, firmly "soft law is the law", while the opponents take the monism of law as the theoretical support and the rule of law as the center of gravity. Claim that "soft law is illegal". The pluralism of law has evolved into pan-soft law doctrine in the field of soft law research, that is, the point of view that "all rules are laws"-if a rule is not hard law, then it must be soft law; even latent rules are law. Because it is not a hard law, it is a soft law. The sociology of law gives rise to the "white horse horse" ideological trend of soft law, which gives rise to the view that soft law is an "atypical law"-part of the state law and all the social rules, because of the lack of state compulsion. So it is soft law. In fact, soft law not only lacks the national coercive power, but also lacks judicial applicability, legal effect level and conflict norm. On the one hand, soft law has different degrees of weakening and lacking in three dimensions of legality. On the other hand, soft law is not a complete system of rules, the second-order rules of soft law are incomplete, the rules of recognition are not prominent, and the rules of change are not obvious. The rules of the referee do not exist. The concept of soft law is contradictory. Calling soft law that is not law will not only lead to confusion in thinking but also cause confusion in the discourse of legal research and affect the stability of law. The change of the name of "soft law" to "soft rule" not only ensures the function and function of "soft law" in public governance, but also avoids the contradiction of the concept of soft law. It also highlights the non-legal nature of soft law. Soft rules, rather than soft law, are more in accord with the essence of soft law phenomenon and are logical language symbols of soft law phenomenon.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D90

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