论欧盟开发伽利略卫星导航系统的法律制度

发布时间：2018-03-25 05:18

本文选题：伽利略卫星导航　切入点：法律条例　出处：《湘潭大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：伽利略卫星导航系统是欧盟为摆脱美国GPS而开发的一个专为民用的导航系统,这是欧盟外空活动的一项重要内容,不仅能保障欧盟国家安全,促进欧盟经济发展,而且进一步扩展了欧盟在外空的活动领域。全球四大卫星导航系统的并列发展,使欧盟对于伽利略卫星导航系统更为重视,为了促进伽利略卫星导航系统的发展,欧盟陆续出台了一系列的法律条例,例如,2002年出台的《关于建立GJU的条例》、2004年颁布的《关于建立欧洲卫星导航项目的管理机构的条例》、2010年颁布的《关于建立欧洲GNSS局的条例》等,这些条例非常详细地规定了关于伽利略导航系统的专门管理机构建设方面的内容。条例规定了欧洲GNSS局由行政委员会、安全认证委员会和执行董事三部分构成。其中,行政委员会又分为信息与通信技术部、财务部、人事部、法律和采购部,该委员会的主要职责包括审批财务管理制度和规定、审批人事管理制度、制定发展政策和市场开发的职责;安全认证委员会则由安全部、市场开发部、项目控制与质量管理部和伽利略安全监控中心组成,这一委员会负责监管伽利略卫星导航系统的活动,包括制定和批准安全认证策略、评估卫星发展的安全风险、监管卫星发展的业务活动等;而执行董事是从行政委员会的代表中选举产生,它的主要职责包括执行行政委员会的决定、准备年度报告等。欧洲GNSS局的每一个部门各司其职,使伽利略卫星导航系统得到了更好的发展。欧盟在相关的法律条例中不仅仅只重点规定了欧洲GNSS局的建立,而且对伽利略卫星导航系统的政府采购原则和规则非常重视,在条例中关于政府采购原则与规则的条款也占绝大多数。伽利略卫星导航在部署阶段必然会涉及大量的政府采购活动,对政府采购进行规制有利于规范卫星导航市场,节约财政支出。欧盟对于伽利略卫星导航系统的政府采购的法律规定包括对政府采购的一般规定以及具体规定。一般规定包括基本规则与具体原则的规定,其中具体原则就包括公平竞争原则、透明度原则、公正原则;具体规定包括公平竞争条件的规范、信息安全与供应可靠性的规范、附条件阶段付款合同的规范和成本补偿合同的规范。欧盟制定了明确的政府采购原则和规则,能提高采购资金的使用效益,推动伽利略卫星导航产业的有序竞争和良性发展。另外,卫星导航系统的发展离不开国际合作。欧盟积极和美国、挪威、瑞士、中国和乌克兰等开展国际合作,签订了一系列的合作协定,包括《欧乌合作协定》、《欧挪合作协定》、《欧瑞合作协定》、《欧美合作协定》和《欧中合作协定》,这些协定就双方的合作原则、合作领域等各个方面进行了规定。合作原则包括互惠原则和非歧视原则;合作领域包括应用技术合作、产业合作、安全与信息交流合作和贸易合作与市场开发合作。随着伽利略卫星导航的不断发展,其相关的法律也日渐完善。目前,我国国内对于伽利略卫星导航系统的研究成果甚少,并且相对来说比较零散,不系统、不全面,尚未形成一个完整的研究体系。我国目前正处于发展北斗卫星导航系统的重要阶段,随着卫星导航系统的发展,我国亟需加强对卫星导航系统的立法保障,这就需要借鉴国外的相关立法制度。因此,为形成我国自己的一套卫星导航管理条例,应对欧盟伽利略卫星导航系统的法律条例进行系统地整理和分析,这不仅对我国关于北斗卫星导航系统的立法方面具有很大的启示,而且对全球卫星导航系统形成统一的法律规制也将产生积极的影响。对欧盟关于伽利略卫星导航系统的管理机构的建设、政府采购原则和其余各国的合作协定等方面的相关法律规范进行全面的、系统的搜集和整理,有利于探究欧盟伽利略卫星导航系统的成功经验;通过理论分析欧盟关于伽利略卫星导航系统的法律规范,对我国关于北斗卫星导航系统的立法体制、管理机构的建立和国际合作具有极大的启示,有利于促进我国卫星导航的立法进程;通过对欧盟伽利略卫星导航系统的法律规范研究和分析,从而促进对全球四大卫星导航系统的合作机制的研究。
[Abstract]:The Galileo satellite navigation system is developed for the EU to get rid of the United States GPS a navigation system designed for civilian use, this is an important content of European space activities, not only to protect EU national security, promote economic development in the EU, and further expansion of the EU in outer space activities. Four global satellite navigation system in parallel the development of the European Union for the Galileo satellite navigation system more attention, in order to promote the development of the Galileo satellite navigation system, the EU has promulgated a series of laws and regulations, for example, in 2002 the introduction of the "on the establishment of GJU Ordinance, enacted in 2004 on the establishment of the European project" navigation satellite management institutions Ordinance, enacted in 2010 "on the establishment of the European GNSS Council Ordinance, these Regulations are very detailed aspects of specialized management agencies on the construction of Galileo navigation system. Regulations of the European GNSS Bureau of the Executive Committee, and executive director of the safety certification committee is composed of three parts. Among them, the executive committee is divided into information and communication technology department, financial department, personnel department, legal department and purchasing department, the main functions of the Committee include the approval of financial management system and regulations, examination and approval of personnel management system, develop the development of policy and market development responsibilities; Safety Certification Committee by the security department, marketing department, project control and quality management and safety monitoring center of Galileo. The activities of this committee is responsible for monitoring the Galileo satellite navigation system, including the formulation and approval of security strategy, security risk assessment satellite development, regulatory satellite development business activities; and the executive director is elected from the representatives of the Executive Committee, its main functions including the Executive Committee's decision, for years Report. The European GNSS bureau each departments carry out their duties, the Galileo satellite navigation system to get better development. The relevant laws and regulations in not only focus on the provisions of the establishment of the European GNSS Bureau, but also for the Galileo satellite navigation system of the government procurement principles and rules very seriously, in the regulations on government procurement principles and rules in terms of the majority. The Galileo satellite navigation in the deployment stage will involve a large number of government procurement, government procurement regulations will help standardize the satellite navigation market, saving expenditure. The law for the Galileo satellite navigation system of the government procurement of the EU include general provisions of the government procurement and the specific provisions provisions general provisions including the basic rules and principles, the specific principles include the principle of fair competition, the principle of transparency, The principle of justice; the specific provisions including the conditions of fair competition rules, information security and reliability of supply standard, specification and cost compensation contract conditional contract stage payment standard. The EU enacted the government procurement principles and rules clear, can improve the efficiency of purchasing funds, promote the orderly competition of the Galileo satellite navigation industry and benign development. In addition, the development of satellite navigation system cannot do without international cooperation actively. The EU and the United States, Norway, Switzerland, China and Ukraine to carry out international cooperation, signed a cooperation agreement on a series of cooperation agreements, including the < ouwu >, < < > and European cooperation agreement, audree cooperation agreement "," European cooperation the agreement "and" European cooperation agreement ", these agreements on principles of cooperation of both sides, all areas of cooperation and other aspects of the provisions of the principle of reciprocity and cooperation. The principles include the principle of non discrimination; cooperation should include For technical cooperation, industrial cooperation, security and information exchanges and cooperation and cooperation in trade cooperation and market development. With the development of the Galileo satellite navigation and its related laws have been gradually perfected. At present, China's domestic research results on the Galileo satellite navigation system is poorly understood, and relatively fragmented, not systematic, not comprehensive, not yet to form a complete research system. China is now at an important stage of development of the Beidou satellite navigation system, with the development of satellite navigation system, China should strengthen the legislative protection of the satellite navigation system, it is necessary to draw from the relevant foreign legislative system. Therefore, for the formation of China's own satellite navigation management regulations, laws and regulations to deal with the EU's Galileo satellite navigation system for the systematic collation and analysis, which not only in our country about the legislation of the Beidou satellite navigation system With great inspiration, but also will have a positive impact on the legal regulation of the unified global satellite navigation system. The construction of the formation of the European Union on the Galileo satellite navigation system management mechanism, laws and regulations related to the principle of government procurement and the rest of the world the cooperation agreement and other aspects of the comprehensive, systematic collection and collation, is conducive to success experience of European Galileo satellite navigation system; through legal norms about the European Galileo satellite navigation system of our country on the theoretical analysis, the Beidou satellite navigation system legislation system, has great significance to establish the management mechanism and the international cooperation, to promote the legislative process of China's satellite navigation; through the research and analysis of legal norms the European Galileo satellite navigation system, so as to promote the research on the cooperation mechanism of the four global satellite navigation system.

【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D95;DD912.2

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