美国医疗改革法案的合宪性分析

发布时间：2018-03-30 19:21

本文选题：强制参保　切入点：联邦医疗补助扩展　出处：《上海交通大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：美国医疗改革案是近期备受世界关注的焦点之一。美国医疗改革法案是在国会的激烈斗争中最终由总统奥巴马签署通过的。这一法案旨在降低美国医疗保险的费用，以及防止保险公司拒绝非健康人群的医疗保险。但是，在这一法案通过之后，多数州反对认为该法案使联邦政府的权力过度扩张，因而应被宣判为无效。然而，在该案件的审判过程中，美国地方法院、上诉法院以及最高法院对于该医疗改革案都提出了不同的意见。针对这一情况，本文将对此次美国医疗改革案的审判始末作出以下分析：首先，本文将对美国医疗保险的背景和现状以及美国医疗改革的必要性进行简要的叙述，以加深对于美国医疗改革案的了解。其次，本文将重点对美国医疗改革案的主要争议问题进行论述，同时对美国最高法院关于此次医改案的最终判决意见展开详细的研究，并且针对该案件中所涉及到的主要条款以及宪法理论进行深刻理解，包括贸易条款、税收条款、支出条款等等。最后，基于对美国医疗改革的全面分析，笔者将对于美国最高法院关于本案的判决提出几点启示以供思考，包括对于司法能动主义与司法克制主义的平衡问题的探讨，以及对于联邦权力不断扩张的现状作进一步的阐述。
[Abstract]:The U. S. health care reform bill, which was signed by President Barack Obama in a fierce battle in Congress, is one of the most recent concerns around the world. It aims to reduce the cost of health insurance in the United States. And to prevent insurance companies from denying health insurance to unhealthy people. But after the bill was passed, most states objected to the idea that it would overpower the federal government and should be declared null and void. During the trial, the U.S. District Court, the Court of Appeal, and the Supreme Court issued different opinions on the health care reform case. In view of this situation, this article will make the following analysis to the beginning and end of the trial of the American health care reform case: first, this article will briefly describe the background and current situation of the United States medical insurance and the necessity of the United States health care reform. In order to deepen our understanding of the United States health care reform case. Secondly, this paper will focus on the main controversial issues in the United States health care reform case, and at the same time conduct a detailed study of the final decision of the United States Supreme Court on the medical reform case. And to have a deep understanding of the main provisions and constitutional theories involved in the case, including trade terms, tax provisions, spending clauses, etc. Finally, based on a comprehensive analysis of health care reform in the United States, The author will give some enlightenment to the judgment of the United States Supreme Court in this case, including the discussion of the balance between judicial activism and judicial restraint. And to the federal power continues to expand the status quo for further elaboration.
【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D971.2;DD916

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