英国高等法院改革述评及对我国司法改革的启示

发布时间：2018-04-25 21:49

本文选题：英国高等法院 + 英国最高法院　；参考：《西北民族大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：英国是一个喜欢承袭法治传统,拥有悠久法制历史的国家。英国在世界司法史上有着至关重要的地位,英国是普通法系司法制度的创始国,创造了判例法制度,在英国宪政制度的发展过程中,司法不仅是其重要组成部分,而且成为英国宪政制度发展的推动力。英国司法制度中例如公开审判制、职业法官制、法律援助、陪审制等对世界各国的法律制度都产生的深远的影响。正因如此,英国的司法制度的变革和发展一直受到世界各国法学家的关注,英国高等法院改革作为英国近二十年来司法制度改革最突出的部分,成为各国法学家的研究热占英国进行高等法院改革根本动因是在于英国宪政制度中比较有特色的一点是在议会主权法律基本原则下,英国议会不仅享有立法权、而且还掌控了司法权,这形成了英国立法权与司法权的熔融体制。这样的体制产生了诸多弊端,受影响最大的就是英国的司法独立进程。随着时代的发展,宪政理论的进步,国内英国民众对拥有独立司法权更为强烈需求,国际欧盟法制的外在压力,英国必须破除体制上的弊端进行高等法院改革。近20年来英国高等法院改革脚步加快,并有了打破传统的革新,最新的成果是英国有了自己的最高法院,最高法院在2009年底单独设立,这在英国的司法史上有着跨时代的意义。我国的司法制度存在着诸多的不足,但很多弊端确和英国高等法院改革中要面对的问题极为相似,所以认清我国司法制度的弊端,并与英国的司法制度进行比较研究,探讨其高等法院改革中的经验与不足,对我国的司法改革将有很大的启示作用。本文通过对英国高等法院改革动因、改革的内容并伴之产生的法律、设立独立最高法院这一最新成果、改革的目的与意义及对高等法院改革的评价等各方面进行深入研究探讨,并与我国的司法制度中存在的问题进行比较,以求对我国司法改革有所启示和帮助。
[Abstract]:Britain is a country that likes to inherit the tradition of rule of law and has a long history of legal system. Britain plays an important role in the world judicial history. Britain is the founding member of the common law system and has created the case law system. In the process of the development of the British constitutional system, the judiciary is not only an important part of it. And become the driving force of the development of the British constitutional system. British judicial system, such as public trial system, professional judge system, legal aid, jury system and so on, have a profound impact on the legal system of countries all over the world. For this reason, the reform and development of the judicial system in Britain has been concerned by jurists all over the world. The reform of the British High Court, as the most prominent part of the reform of the judicial system in the past two decades, has become a hot topic for jurists from all over the world. The reason for the reform of the High Court in Britain lies in the fact that under the basic principle of parliamentary sovereignty law, the British Parliament not only has legislative power, but also has the judicial power. This formed the melting system of legislative power and judicial power in Britain. Such a system has many drawbacks, the most affected is the British process of judicial independence. With the development of the times and the progress of constitutional theory, there is a stronger demand for independent judicial power in Britain. Under the external pressure of the international EU legal system, the United Kingdom must break the defects of the system and carry out the reform of the High Court. In the past 20 years, the pace of reform of the British High Court has been accelerated, and the reform has broken the tradition. The latest achievement is that the United Kingdom has its own Supreme Court, which was set up separately at the end of 2009, which has a cross-epoch significance in the judicial history of the United Kingdom. There are many shortcomings in our judicial system, but many drawbacks are very similar to the problems faced in the reform of the British High Court, so we have a clear understanding of the shortcomings of our judicial system, and make a comparative study with the British judicial system. Discussing the experiences and deficiencies in the reform of the High Court will have a great enlightening effect on the judicial reform of our country. In this paper, the causes of the reform of the British High Court, the content of the reform and the law accompanying it, the establishment of the Independent Supreme Court, the purpose and significance of the reform, and the evaluation of the reform of the High Court are discussed in this paper. In order to enlighten and help the judicial reform of our country, this paper compares the problems existing in the judicial system of our country.
【学位授予单位】：西北民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D956.1;D926

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