论美国侵权法限制运动及其发展趋势

发布时间：2018-05-17 03:30

本文选题：美国侵权法 + 限制运动　；参考：《比较法研究》2014年02期

【摘要】：始于20世纪七八十年代的侵权法限制运动,以责任保险危机、诉讼爆炸、陪审团失控、无聊诉讼、原告律师贪婪为限制侵权责任的理由,但无论哪一理由都无可靠性可言。侵权法限制运动基础如此薄弱,且以限制原告获得赔偿的可能性和赔偿数额为主要目标,却未遭遇民众的反感甚至反对,原因在于侵权责任限制的支持者巧妙利用了修辞术、立法机关与司法机关的冲突,巧妙架构内部组织结构以及个人主义仍是美国文化的核心。经过几十年的改革,侵权法限制运动确实使原告更难获得赔偿、律师行业受到重创,却并未降低保险费、事故发生率和产品安全。因侵权责任限制支持者的失信和改革伊始蓄意的欺骗,该运动获得的民众支持会越来越弱,它给我们的教训是:法律改革非政治运动,理性当头。
[Abstract]:The torts limitation movement, which began in the 1970s and 1980s, takes the liability insurance crisis, the lawsuit explosion, the lost jury, the boring lawsuit and the greed of the plaintiff's lawyer as the reason to limit the tort liability, but there is no reliability at all. The foundation of the tort law restriction movement is so weak, and its main goal is to limit the possibility and amount of compensation for the plaintiff, but it has not met with public disgust or even opposition, because the proponents of the limitation of tort liability have used rhetoric skillfully. Conflicts between the legislature and the judiciary, cleverly structured internal structures and individualism remain at the heart of American culture. After decades of reform, tort restrictions have made it harder for plaintiffs to get compensation, and the lawyers industry has been hit hard without lowering insurance premiums, accident rates and product safety. Because of the limitation of tort liability supporters' dishonesty and the deliberate deception at the beginning of the reform, the movement will gain less and less popular support. The lesson is: law reform is a non-political movement, rational is at stake.
【作者单位】：华东政法大学科学研究院;
【基金】：国家社科基金青年项目“我国侵权法上公平责任适用研究”(11CFX037)的中期成果上海市人文社科基地华东政法大学外国法与比较法研究院项目(SJ0709) 国家重点学科华东政法大学法律史学科建设项目(030102)资助
【分类号】：D971.2;DD913

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