量刑规范化之法理分析

发布时间：2018-05-31 01:39

本文选题：量刑规范化 + 公正　；参考：《吉林大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：规范量刑的直接原因是现有法律对量刑问题规定的过于模糊,而导致法官在判案过程中无所适从,引起了量刑的混乱。量刑规范化是刑事司法中将抽象的法律规则与具体的案件事实相结合,适用制定完备的程序,从而使量刑生产出公正有效并且符合刑罚目的的判决。与先期的量刑探索——基础量刑方法、数学量刑法和电脑量刑法相比,量刑规范化更有其深刻的理论基础,符合现阶段我国刑法的基本理念。由于法官、被告人、立法和行政机关、社会舆论、社会大环境、以及刑法文化上的原因,现阶段我国刑事司法处于困境,主要表现在：重刑主义盛行,相同情况不同处理——量刑存在严重失衡,刑罚的价值观偏颇,民意使审判变得越来越困难,官意作祟等,这些问题的存在使规范量刑势在必行。本文意在通过对量刑规范化进行法理角度的分析,多元化的考查量刑规范化的内在价值,具体分析量刑规范化的秩序、公平和自由价值,为充分的对量刑规范化的正当性、可行性进行研究提供基础,本文还从量刑规范化的负价值进行判断,对于在量刑规范化过程中可能出现的问题进行了梳理,量刑规范化处理的不好,将可能导致机械主义错误,法官将成为一种输入输出的法律工具,这就要求我们在辩证认识其优缺点的前提下,发挥其优势,用程序制度弥补其不足之处。在市场经济条件下,通过对量刑规范化的法经济学分析,我们认为量刑规范化能够有效地将罪刑控制在法律规定中,充分发挥了公诉机关与律师在法庭审判过程中的作用,是我国传统的法院主导的职权主义审判模式的完善,庭审三方都能够根据案件事实和法律的规定,发表自己的量刑建议并说明理由。法院在判决中将更加慎重,综合考虑公诉人与辩护人的意见,更迅速及时的处理案件,从而更好的实现公平公正,达到一个刑事司法领域的良性循环。量刑规范化对于中国刑事司法审判的意义重大而且深远,我们预测量刑规范化必定能够起到预防腐败、增进公平、公正的作用。 2010年9月13日,最高人民法院印发《人民法院量刑指导意见(试行)》和《关于规范量刑程序若干问题的意见(试行)》,2010年10月1日,全国各地法院开始实行量刑规范化改革,对案件进行规范性审判,并且也取得了一些成果,这从本文的结论中河北省廊坊市以及福建省厦门市案件的上诉率、被告人上诉率以及二审发回、改判案件的比率就可以看出,说明量刑规范化有实际的效果。尽管量刑规范化在实施之初就对中国刑事司法审判产生了积极的作用,提高了律师和公诉人在法庭审判中的地位,以更加透明的方式对犯罪嫌疑人进行审判并定罪量刑,但是这项制度的实施仍存在很多需要探讨的问题,法官自由裁量权的程度、制度的全面可行性论证、法律的公信力等等。本文拟从多个角度对我国规范量刑提出合理建议,从法律权威的培养,到公正量刑程序的适用,法官自由裁量权的合理发挥,再到形式理性与实质理性的统一,都突出对于犯罪嫌疑人或罪犯的人性关怀,有助于量刑规范化制度的有效实施,并将促进我国法治建设朝着更加规范的方向前进。
[Abstract]:The direct reason for the standard of sentencing is that the existing law is too vague on the question of sentencing, which leads to the confusion of the judge in the process of judgment and the confusion of sentencing. The standardization of sentencing is the combination of the abstract legal rules in criminal justice and the specific case facts, and the application of a complete procedure so that the production of sentencing is impartial. The verdict that is effective and conforms to the purpose of the penalty. Compared with the exploration of the first period of sentencing, the method of basic sentencing, the criminal law of mathematics and the criminal law of the computer, the standardization of sentencing has its profound theoretical basis. It is in line with the basic concepts of the present stage of criminal law in China. At the present stage, criminal justice of criminal law in China is in a difficult position. The main manifestations are: the prevalence of heavy punishment and the different handling of the same situation - the serious imbalances in the sentencing, the biased values of the penalty, the public opinion making the trial become more and more difficult, the official meaning and so on, the existence of these problems makes the standardization of sentencing imperative.
The purpose of this article is to analyze the legal principle of sentencing standardization, examine the intrinsic value of sentencing standardization, analyze the order of standardization of sentencing, fair and free value, and provide the basis for the study of the legitimacy and feasibility of sentencing standardization, and the negative value of sentencing standardization is also judged in this paper. Breaking down, combing the possible problems that may arise in the process of standardization of sentencing, the poor standardization of sentencing will lead to mechanistic errors. The judge will become a legal tool for input and output. This requires us to give full play to its advantages and use the procedural system to make up its shortcomings on the premise of dialectical understanding of its advantages and disadvantages.
Under the condition of market economy, through the analysis of the law and economics of standardization of sentencing, we think that the standardization of sentencing can effectively control the punishment of crime in the legal provisions, fully exerts the role of the public prosecution and lawyers in the trial process of the court. It is the perfection of the traditional court dominated judicial model of our country, and the three sides of the trial are all. In accordance with the facts of the case and the provisions of the law, he can publish his own sentencing proposal and explain the reasons. The court will be more prudent in the judgment and take into consideration the opinions of the public prosecutor and the defender to deal with the case more quickly and promptly, thus achieving a better Fair and just and achieving a virtuous circle in the field of criminal justice. China's criminal justice trial is significant and far-reaching. We predict that standardization of sentencing must play a role in preventing corruption and promoting fairness and justice.
In September 13, 2010, the Supreme People's Court issued < the opinions of the people's court for sentencing guidance (Trial) > and < about the standardization of sentencing procedures (Trial) >. In October 1, 2010, the courts of all over the country began to carry out the standardized reform of sentencing, carry out a normative trial of the cases, and have achieved some results. This is from the conclusion of this article. " The rate of Appeals in Langfang and Xiamen of Fujian Province, the rate of appeals of the accused and the return of the second trial, the ratio of the change of the case can be seen that the normalization of sentencing has the actual effect. Although the standardization of sentencing has had a positive effect on the Chinese criminal judicature at the beginning of the implementation, the lawyer and the prosecutor have been raised in the court. The status of the trial in a more transparent way to the trial of criminal suspects and conviction and sentencing, but the implementation of this system still exists a lot of problems to be discussed, the degree of discretion of the judge, the comprehensive feasibility of the system, the credibility of the law and so on. It is suggested that, from the cultivation of the legal authority, to the application of the impartial sentencing procedure, the rational use of the discretion of the judge, and the unity of the form rationality and the substantive rationality, the humane care of the criminal suspects or criminals will be highlighted, and the effective implementation of the system of sentencing standardization will be helped, and the construction of the rule of law in China will be promoted to a more standardized prescription. Move forward.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D920.0;D924.13

【参考文献】