瞿同祖法学方法研究

发布时间：2018-08-22 14:19

【摘要】：瞿同祖以其独特的法学研究方法推动中国法学的发展,其著作也成为中国古代法学重要的研究成果。他的研究主要运用了比较的研究方法、结构主义的分析方法和文化功能理论的研究方法,其研究方法主要体现在他的《中国法律与中国社会》、《汉代社会结构》、《中国封建社会》与《清代地方政府》著作中。比较的方法作为基础分析工具,贯穿瞿同祖中国古代法律和社会研究的整个过程。其间从多个方面进行了比较,包括实然与应然的比较,国内国外的比较和历史性的比较等。瞿同祖运用比较的方法勾画出中国古代社会的真实面目,并对他的理论前提“自汉到晚清变法以前两千多年的政治社会始终停滞于一个基本形态”的可行性和科学性进行论证,解决了共时性与历时性研究兼顾的困难,并为后面的一系列研究奠定了基础。运用结构主义的研究方法,瞿同祖把中国古代社会分为家族和阶级两种社会结构。在家族结构中,对中国古代法律在社会微观层面的运行进行研究；在阶级结构中下,从职业身份、财富分配和权力享有三个方面出发考察中国古代法律在社会宏观层面的运行进行研究；进而揭示了中国古代社会的具有的家族和阶级的两大特征,论证了中国古代法律是一种身份法。根据文化功能主义理论的研究方法,瞿同祖还原法律为一种文化现象,从法律对社会生活的阶级控制,对家庭组建的规范、对家族秩序的规制和对社会主流思想的维护四个方面考察中国古代法律和社会。通过文化功能主义方法地运用,瞿同祖发掘出了统治中国古代社会秩序的坚定信仰,即儒家思想,而且证明了中国古代的法律是儒家化的法律。瞿同祖的研究之所以能够轰动学术界,成为法学研究的里程碑,与他独特的研究方法是分不开的。瞿同祖的研究成果是特定时代背景下的产物,在其研究中体现着开阔思维,表征着时代特色；他的研究方法是中西合璧,不是简单的拿来主义,是与中国本土研究方法相结合的；在价值取向上,他从实证出发,运用各种史料,以客观的态度、超群的智慧和魄力阐释着学术研究的科学性追求。我们要领悟瞿同祖法学研究方法运用的精髓,为现阶段我国法学研究的发展提供新的发展动力。
[Abstract]:Qu Tongzu promoted the development of Chinese law with his unique method of legal research, and his works also became an important research result of ancient Chinese law. His research mainly uses comparative research method, structuralism analysis method and cultural function theory research method. His research methods are mainly embodied in his works "Chinese Law and Chinese Society", "the Social structure of the Han Dynasty", "the feudal Society of China" and "the Local Government of the Qing Dynasty". The method of comparison, as a basic analysis tool, runs through the whole process of qu Tong's ancient Chinese legal and social research. The comparison is made from many aspects, including the comparison between reality and ought, the comparison between domestic and foreign countries and the historical comparison. Qu Tongzu used comparative methods to outline the true features of ancient Chinese society, and demonstrated the feasibility and scientific nature of his theoretical premise that "the political society of more than two thousand years from the Han Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty was stagnant in a basic form". It solves the difficulty of both synchronic and diachronic studies, and lays the foundation for a series of later studies. By means of structuralism, qu Tongzu divided the ancient Chinese society into two social structures: family and class. In the family structure, the author studies the operation of ancient Chinese law at the micro level of society, and in the structure of class, from the perspective of professional status, Starting from three aspects of wealth distribution and power enjoyment, the author studies the operation of ancient Chinese law at the macro level of society, and further reveals the two characteristics of family and class in ancient Chinese society. It demonstrates that ancient Chinese law is a kind of identity law. According to the research method of cultural functionalism theory, qu Tongzu reverted law to a cultural phenomenon, from the legal control of social life to the norms of family formation. The regulation of the family order and the maintenance of the mainstream thoughts of the society are studied in four aspects: ancient Chinese law and society. By using the method of cultural functionalism, qu Tongzu unearthed the firm belief in ruling the social order in ancient China, that is, Confucianism, and proved that the law of ancient China was the law of Confucianism. The reason why qu Tongzu's research can stir the academic world and become a milestone in the study of law is inseparable from his unique research methods. Qu Tongzu's research results are the product of a specific background of the times. In his research, he embodies broad thinking and characterizes the characteristics of the times. His research method is a combination of Chinese and Western, not a simple doctrine. In terms of value orientation, he sets out from empirical evidence, uses all kinds of historical data, and explains the scientific pursuit of academic research with an objective attitude and superior wisdom and courage. We should understand the quintessence of qu Tongzu's legal research method and provide a new motive force for the development of our country's legal research.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D909.2

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