美国规制决策中的同行评审

发布时间：2018-08-22 16:49

【摘要】：在涉及科学信息的规制决定中,确保科学根据的可靠性并防止科学依据的滥用,成为现代规制科学面临的核心难题。作为科学领域质量控制的金质标准,同行评审在现代行政规制过程中也具有广阔的应用空间。将同行评审引入规制过程,对于规制过程中科学根据的质量控制、增强行政过程的透明度、强化政治责任、以及扩大信息来源和审议范围等,都大有裨益。同行评审的引入,也必然存在混淆科学与政策、增加决策成本和造成决策迟延、转移政治责任、激化潜在争议等制度风险。我国大量公共事件的频发暴露了行政机关滥用科学根据的可能与现实,更突显了我国行政规制决策程序构造存在的制度性缺失。通过细致的理论分析和精密的制度设计,将同行评审恰当地融入我国规制实践,能够极大提升科学信息的可靠性,防止行政机关滥用科学信息。
[Abstract]:In the regulatory decision involving scientific information, ensuring the reliability of scientific basis and preventing the abuse of scientific basis have become the core problems faced by modern regulatory science. As the gold quality standard in the field of scientific quality control, peer review also has a wide application space in the process of modern administrative regulation. The introduction of peer review into the regulatory process is of great benefit to the quality control of the scientific basis in the regulatory process, the enhancement of the transparency of the administrative process, the strengthening of political responsibility, and the expansion of the sources of information and the scope of deliberation. The introduction of peer review will inevitably lead to the confusion of science and policy, increase the cost of decision-making and delay, transfer political responsibility, and intensify potential disputes. The frequent occurrence of a large number of public events in China has exposed the possibility and reality of the abuse of scientific basis by administrative organs, and has also highlighted the institutional deficiencies in the structure of the decision-making procedures of administrative regulation in China. Through careful theoretical analysis and precise system design, it can greatly enhance the reliability of scientific information and prevent administrative organs from abusing scientific information by properly integrating peer review into China's regulatory practice.
【作者单位】：北京市社会科学院;
【分类号】：D971.2

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