自由的新生：从斯密到马克思

发布时间：2018-01-17 20:05

本文关键词：自由的新生：从斯密到马克思　出处：《西南政法大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自由是现代社会的首要问题。文章从法哲学角度，以亚当·斯密《国富论》和卡尔·马克思早期作品《论犹太人问题》为文本依托，在古典自由主义到后资本主义自由思潮发展史中，细致梳理了斯密和马克思自由观的内在逻辑区分。文章主要关切点在自由问题，以古典自由主义大师斯密为基础，结合马克思《论犹太人问题》，揭示了古典自由主义的基本特征及其潜在危机，意在探讨马克思如何对资产阶级自由观念的内在限度予以揭示的，并对马克思所展现的实现人类自由解放的逻辑理路进行系统梳理，对马克思的未来理想社会“自由人的联合体”进行了理论展望。文章主要解读1843年《论犹太人问题》之中的马克思早期法哲学思想，并尝试回到马克思的政治语境和社会生态，在结合古典自由主义经典文本《国富论》的基础上，梳理马克思早期法哲学思想与古典自由主义法哲学之间的联系和区别，研究马克思早期法哲学思想中有关“自由”的问题意识、思维方式、解决问题的进路。除引言和结语，本文共分四个部分：第一部分以自由为主线，对“法哲学——自由（主义）——马克思”这一思路进行理论梳理，将马克思的法哲学思想还原至西方学术史的大背景之中，，并阐述选择《论犹太人问题》、《国富论》两大文本进行分析的原因，以及相关文献研究状况。第二部分对《国富论》进行文本分析，主要从“自由”、“自然”以及“自利”三个角度展现亚当·斯密的古典情怀，肯定在当时社会背景下，斯密对弥合自由与德性之间裂痕做出的努力。第三部分则依托《论犹太人问题》一文，分析了什么才是犹太人问题，并进而阐述了马克思对犹太人问题的真正关切所在，引入马克思对古典自由主义构建的理性化自由王国的批判，并对马克思文中所展现的人类解放事业进行解读。第四部分论述马克思视角下“自由的新生”，在结合二、三部分内容的基础上，总结由斯密到马克思，由古典自由主义到马克思，也即由自利到自由这一问题的具体面貌，并对马克思设想的理想化社会——自由人的联合体进行了简要解释说明。
[Abstract]:Freedom is the primary issue in modern society. From the perspective of legal philosophy, the article is based on Adam Smith's the Wealth of Nations and Karl Marx's early works on the Jewish problem. In the history of classical liberalism to post-capitalist free thoughts, the author carefully combed the internal logical distinction between Smith's and Marx's views on freedom. The main concern of the article is the issue of freedom. Based on the classical liberalism master Smith, combined with Marx on the Jewish problem, this paper reveals the basic characteristics of classical liberalism and its potential crisis. The purpose of this paper is to explore how Marx revealed the inherent limits of the bourgeois concept of freedom, and to systematically sort out the logic of the realization of human freedom shown by Marx. This paper makes a theoretical outlook on Marx's future ideal society, "the union of free people". The article mainly interprets Marx's early legal philosophy thought in "on the Jewish problem" in 1843. And try to return to Marx's political context and social ecology, in combination with classical liberalism classic text "Wealth of Nations" on the basis of. This paper combs the relationship and difference between Marx's early legal philosophy and classical liberalism legal philosophy, and studies on the "freedom" in Marx's early legal philosophy. The problem consciousness, the way of thinking, the way to solve the problem. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper is divided into four parts: The first part, taking freedom as the main line, combs the thought of "the philosophy of law-freedom", and restores Marx's thought of philosophy of law to the background of the western academic history. The reasons for the analysis of the two texts on the Jewish problem and the Wealth of Nations, and the research status of the relevant literature are expounded. The second part is a textual analysis of Wealth of Nations, showing Adam Smith's classical feelings from the perspectives of "freedom," "nature," and "self-interest," certainly in the social context of that time. Smith's efforts to bridge the rift between freedom and virtue. The third part is based on "on the Jewish problem", analyzes what is the Jewish problem, and then expounds Marx's real concern about the Jewish problem. This paper introduces Marx's criticism of the rational and free kingdom constructed by classical liberalism, and interprets the cause of human liberation shown in Marx's text. Part 4th discusses the "new born of freedom" from Marx's angle of view, on the basis of combining two and three parts, summarizes from Smith to Marx, from classical liberalism to Marx. That is to say, the concrete appearance of the problem from self-interest to freedom, and a brief explanation of Marx's idealized society-free man's union.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D909.1

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