论民初宪法顾问有贺长雄的制宪思想

发布时间：2018-01-23 18:10

本文关键词： 有贺长雄超然内阁制民国政体制宪　出处：《湖北社会科学》2015年07期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：有贺氏通过考察民国的成立史,提出所谓"统治权转移说"理论,试图表明这样一个制宪原则:民国与其他共和制国家有本质的区别,所以民国也可以采取与其他共和制国家不同的政体。同时,他通过比较其他共和制国家所施行的政体,得出这些政体均不适合民国的论断,进而认为民国采取的政体首先要符合中国的历史传统与国情。他提出建立所谓"超然内阁制"政体的主张,该政体取内阁制之名,行总统制之实,而且总统无须承担政治责任,完全脱离国会和政党的制约,其原型是日本和德国的"二元制君主立宪制"政体。在"超然内阁制"政体的构想下,有贺长雄提出关于国会、大总统以及司法诉讼体制等方面的具体主张,归根到底是为了使行政权完全独立于立法权和司法权之外,也就是使大总统为首的政府机关不受国会、政党和法院的制约。其制宪思想遵循的仍是明治宪法体制的模板与思路,将国家利益视若圭臬,带有威权主义和精英治国的色彩。
[Abstract]:By examining the founding history of the Republic of China, he put forward the so-called "transfer of ruling power" theory, trying to show such a constitutional principle: the Republic of China and other Republican countries have essential differences. Therefore, the Republic of China can also adopt a different form of government from other Republican countries. At the same time, by comparing the regimes implemented by other Republican countries, he concludes that these regimes are not suitable for the Republic of China. He put forward the idea of establishing the so-called "transcendental cabinet system", which took the name of the cabinet system and carried out the practice of the presidential system. Moreover, the president has no political responsibility and is completely free from the constraints of parliament and political parties. Its prototype is the "dualistic monarchy" system of government in Japan and Germany, and under the concept of "transcendental cabinet" system of government. In the final analysis, he Changxiong put forward specific proposals concerning the Congress, the President, and the judicial litigation system in order to make the executive power completely independent of the legislative and judicial powers. That is to say, the government organs headed by the President are not restricted by the Congress, political parties and courts. Their constitution-making ideas still follow the template and train of thought of the Meiji constitutional system, and regard the national interests as the norm. With the color of authoritarianism and elite governance.
【作者单位】：华东政法大学法律学院;
【分类号】：D929;D921;K258
【正文快照】： 有贺长雄(1860—1921)是民初北洋政府的宪法顾问,与近代中国有许多渊源。11913年,他以“日本人宪法专家”的身份,对制宪问题频频发表看法,颇具社会影响力。然而,有贺长雄在很长时间内并未引起后人太多的关注,近年来,伴随近代中国宪政史研究的深入与北洋史研究的升温,这位曾经

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