论立法语言的模糊性

发布时间：2018-01-27 09:43

本文关键词： 立法语言立法原则模糊性概括性灵活性　出处：《中南民族大学》2009年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 法律语言作为一种具有规约性的语言分支,其独特的语言风格之一就是措辞十分准确,以避免产生不必要的歧义,从而有利于法律适用的便捷顺达,因为法律规范是国家意志的表现,也是社会安定的重要保障。法律的权威性和强制力决定了立法语言必须具有高度的精确性和严密的科学性,通过语言文字的准确应用来表述国家的立法思想和具体的法律内容,以便全体公民(包括立法、司法和执法人员)清楚地了解到其作为公民的权利和义务。尽管如此,模糊性还是普遍地存在于法律语言特别是立法语言中。法律现象复杂纷呈,而立法者不可能预测法律活动中所有会发生的事情,也不可能以有限的法律规范来全面调整所有的社会行为。因此,为扩大法律规范的适用范围,立法者增强了立法语言的自由度和灵活性,这有助于增强立法语言的包容性,给法律条文的解释留有回旋的余地,但同时也增强了模糊性和抽象性。鉴于此,对立法语言模糊性的研究有助于我们客观认识并正确对待模糊立法语言,用模糊语言承载精确语言难以传达的法律信息,在模糊性与精确性之间取得一种动态平衡,最终达到提高立法技术、最大限度打击犯罪的目的。本文从三个层面对立法语言的模糊性进行分析。第一个层面是词汇层面的模糊,也是立法语言模糊性表现最为突出的一个层面。根据词类的不同,将模糊立法语言划分为模糊名词、形容词、动词、副词、代词和介词。这些词是立法语言模糊性的主要研究对象。第二个层面是句子层面的模糊,立法语言中使用并列手段加大法律条款的适用性。第三个层面是逻辑的模糊,逻辑结构是法律和法律语言的支柱,也是立法者所采用的重要策略。本文采用认知学和符号学的理论对自然语言的模糊性进行了简要的分析,文章的重点在于对立法语言模糊性的分析。一是立法语言概括性的特点,用有限的法律条文尽可能的去包罗更为广泛的法律行为。二是立法原则的要求,社会变化日新月异,而法律文本相对固定,所以模糊性可以使法律概念的外延扩大到法律所规定的范围。三是语言本身的特点,模糊语言的运用可以给执法者灵活处理的余地。四是模糊语言的运用可有效地维护有关当事人的权益。最后文化差异的影响也会造成立法语言的模糊性。
[Abstract]:Legal English is a kind of customary language, one of the unique language style is very accurate wording, not necessary to avoid ambiguity, which is convenient for Shunda applicable law, because the law reflect the will of the state, but also an important guarantee for the social security. The authority and the force of law the legislation language must be highly accurate and rigorous science, through the accurate usage of language to express the national legislative ideas and specific legal contents, so that all citizens (including the legislative, judicial and law enforcement personnel) clearly aware of its rights and obligations as citizens.
Nevertheless, fuzzy or ubiquitous in legal language especially in legislative language. The legal phenomenon of complex scene, while lawmakers could not predict what will happen to all legal activities, can not be limited by law to a comprehensive adjustment of all social behaviors. Therefore, for the expansion of the scope of legal norms. Lawmakers to enhance legislative language of freedom and flexibility, which contributes to the enhancement of legislative language inclusive, to explain the law more leeway, but also enhanced the fuzziness and abstractness. In view of this, we can objectively and correctly understand the fuzzy legislative language of fuzzy legislative language the use of fuzzy language in legal information bearing precise language difficult to convey, achieve a dynamic balance between vagueness and accuracy, to improve the legislative technique, the maximum blow The purpose of a crime.
This paper analyzes the fuzziness of legal language from three aspects. The first aspect is the fuzzy word level, but also in legislativelanguage was the most prominent one level. According to the different lexical category, the fuzzy division of the legislative language is vague nouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, pronouns and prepositions of these words. Is the main research object of legislativelanguage. Second level fuzzy sentence level, using the applicability of parallel means to increase the legal provisions of the legislative language. The third level is the fuzzy logic, the logic structure is the backbone of law and legal language, is also an important strategy adopted by the legislators.
This paper adopts the cognitive and semiotic theory to give a brief analysis of the ambiguity of natural language, this paper focuses on the analysis on the vagueness of legislativelanguage. One is the characteristics of generality of the legislative language, with limited legal provisions as much as possible to include more law behavior widely. Two is the principle of legislation requirements of social change and change rapidly, the legal text is relatively fixed, so we can make the extension of fuzzy legal concepts to the scope prescribed by law. The three is the characteristics of the language itself, the use of fuzzy language can make the law flexible processing room. The four is the use of fuzzy language can effectively protect the rights and interests of the parties concerned fuzzy influence finally cultural differences will cause the legislative language.

【学位授予单位】：中南民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D90-055;H030

【相似文献】