美国刑事被害人隐私权保护制度研究

发布时间：2018-01-29 02:56

本文关键词： 美国刑事被害人隐私权法律保护　出处：《福州大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：隐私权作为一个法律概念,从产生之时其内容界定就困扰着法律理论界和实务界人士,进入权利保护领域后也更加引起关注。作为隐私权保护起步最早的国家,美国从19世纪末明确承认隐私权的法律地位到现今的建立较为完善的法律保护体系,隐私权保护制度的建构经历了一个相当漫长和曲折的过程。而其中,刑事被害人作为隐私权保护的特殊主体,由于其主体的特殊性和实务操作中的复杂性,虽在现有的隐私权立法体系中对其进行了一般性的保护,但却总是受到其他主体的侵扰如被告人的诉讼权利、新闻媒体的言论自由权等。如何在权利存在固然冲突的情况下找到各方权利的平衡点,建立具有司法操作性的隐私权保护机制,更好地为本已受到暴力犯罪侵犯的刑事被害人提供更为合理的权利救济途径,本文试图对这一问题提出解决方案。通过对美国刑事被害人隐私权的法律保护制度和重点保护内容的考察总结,为我国建立刑事被害人制度提供借鉴。本文通过美国刑事被害人隐私权保护的法律框架、法律机制两个部分对美国现行的隐私权保护制度中的刑事被害人保护加以剥离。第三部分的保护机制则对美国现行制度中的优缺点加以分析。最后一部分,承接以上内容,提出对我国建立刑事被害人隐私权保护的立法建议,以促进国内刑事被害人保护立法和司法机制的早日完善。
[Abstract]:As a legal concept, the definition of the right to privacy has troubled the legal theorists and practitioners from the time of its emergence, and has attracted more attention after entering the field of protection of rights. As the country with the earliest protection of privacy, it is the first country to protect the right of privacy. From the end of 19th century, the United States explicitly recognized the legal status of the right to privacy to the establishment of a more perfect legal protection system, privacy protection system has undergone a long and tortuous process. Criminal victim as a special subject of privacy protection, because of the particularity of its subject and the complexity of practical operation, it is generally protected in the existing privacy legislation system. However, it is always infringed by other subjects, such as the defendant's litigation rights, the media's freedom of expression and so on. How to find the balance of rights in the case of conflict of rights. The establishment of judicial operation of privacy protection mechanism, better for the criminal victims who have been violated by violent crime to provide a more reasonable way of right relief. This paper attempts to put forward a solution to this problem. Through the investigation and summary of the legal protection system and key protection content of the right to privacy of criminal victims in the United States. This paper provides a reference for the establishment of criminal victim system in China. This paper adopts the legal framework for the protection of the right to privacy of criminal victims in the United States. The two parts of the legal mechanism peel off the criminal victim protection in the current privacy protection system of the United States. The third part of the protection mechanism analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the current system in the United States. In order to promote the early perfection of domestic criminal victim protection legislation and judicial mechanism, the author puts forward some legislative suggestions to establish the protection of criminal victim privacy in China.
【学位授予单位】：福州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D971.2;DD915.3

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