公民守法道德养成研究

发布时间：2018-01-31 11:40

本文关键词： 守法道德养成守法精神积极守法　出处：《南京师范大学》2013年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：法治运行的整个过程,始终离不开道德的保证。守法作为法治运行的重要环节和最终归宿当然也不例外。而我国公民道德建设实施纲要中把遵纪守法作为首要的基本道德规范和行为标准,实质上隐藏了一个既定的前提：法是良法。但是即便是良法,是否以自觉自愿自由的道德姿态去遵守又是不可回避的问题,公民应以道德姿态守法,才能保证法治现代化和道德建设成功。然而,中国先天性缺乏现代意义上的法治理念,依靠移植域外法律,又往往导致水土不服问题。建国后,立法中心主义的法制建设模式使法治的理论与实践相脱节,守法问题遭到忽视,被动、消极、功利的守法居多,进而导致守法行为的非连续性、非稳定性。公民守法道德实质上体现出自律、自觉、自愿甚至自由的守法精神,它能够有效促进法治实现,同时也提升了公民的道德境界。公民守法道德养成是一个系统工程,既需要理论指导,也需要历史与现实的关照,并在这二者基础上,找到养成之道。守法的道德理由之证成,是对守法的伦理根据的追问,因为只有深深扎根于主体的道德基础中,才能带来守法的自觉性甚至自愿性,进而带来守法的普遍性、必然性、持续性与时刻的警惕性。守法道德的养成,亦必须向公民阐释法的现代伦理价值,尤其是法的个体伦理价值,它是个体自由与幸福生活的保障。道德养成研究亦离不开对人性的预设。中国人性善的理论预设往往使道德养成偏重个体自律,西方基于人性恶的理论假设往往偏重法律制度外在规约来提升个体道德境界,公民守法道德养成需要兼顾公民个体的道德自律与良好制度的规约,共同促进守法道德养成。与道德养成的一般过程相似,公民守法道德养成一般经由内化守法道德规范到养成道德德性并外化德行。守法道德养成的过程中,包含着主体、客体、目标及环境等要素系统的相互作用。主体指以私权利身份的公民,客体指守法的主要道德规范,同时根据主体道德水平的高低,制定出合适守法道德养成的目标,还需对外部环境进行系统分析。法律文化传统的差异会深深影响着人们的守法道德观,中国传统法律文化亦是如此。法的威慑与奴性畏惧服从的臣民心理,“术”、“势”的思想与主体规则意识淡漠,以及熟人社会束缚与现代公共生活中社会责任感缺失,这些都是阻碍守法道德养成因素。而现代法律之善恶标准难统一,公民守法之功利与平庸心理多,现代公民之心理健康状况欠佳,公权力主体守法榜样力量薄弱以及公民守法道德教育的欠缺,又成为守法道德养成的现实障碍。排除历史与现实的障碍,需要从优化公民守法道德养成环境策略、完善和健全守法道德养成的保障机制、挖掘传统文化资源入手,并要着重培养公民批判性思维,纠正法制宣传和教育重心,强化守法主体的公民意识教育,学会善用回归生活世界的道德叙事法。
[Abstract]:The whole process of the operation of law, always cannot do without moral assurance. The law as an important part of operation of the rule and the end is certainly no exception. And our moral construction in the implementation of the outline of the law as the standard basic moral standard first and behavior, essentially a hidden premise is: good. But even good, whether willing to free moral attitude to abide by and can not be avoided, should be a moral attitude of law-abiding citizens, in order to ensure the success of modernization of the rule of law and moral construction. However, Chinese congenital lack of modern concept of the rule of law on foreign legal transplantation, often leads to The climate does not suit one. problem. After the founding of the PRC, legislation centered legal construction mode makes the theory and practice of rule of law is divorced, law-abiding problem ignored, passive, negative, utilitarian and law-abiding ", guide The discontinuity and instability of law-abiding behavior. Citizens' law-abiding morality embodies the spirit of self-discipline, conscientiously, voluntarily and even freedom. It can effectively promote the realization of rule of law, and at the same time, enhance the moral level of citizens.
The cultivation of law-abiding morality is a systematic project, which requires both theoretical guidance and historical and practical attention, and on the basis of these two, find the way to develop.
The justification of moral reasons for law-abiding, law-abiding according to ethical questions, because moral basis only deeply rooted in the main body, in order to bring awareness of law-abiding and voluntary, universal, and thus bring law necessity, vigilance and sustained time. Develop to abide by the law of morality, also have to the value of modern Ethics Interpretation of citizenship law, especially individual ethical value of law, it is the individual freedom and happiness to protect life. Moral study also cannot do without the presupposition of humanity. Chinese theory of good human nature tends to make moral presupposition emphasis on individual self-discipline, western theory assumes that human evil tend to focus on external legal system based on the protocol to improve the individual moral realm, law-abiding citizens need to take into account the moral cultivation of moral self-discipline and good system of individual citizens of the statute, and jointly promote the moral cultivation and moral law. The cultivation of general The process is similar to that of the law-abiding moral internalization of moral standards to the law generally through the moral virtue of virtue and morality. The process of law, including the subject, object, target and system interaction environment. The subject refers to the private rights of citizen ethics refers to the main object of the law, and according to the the main moral level, formulate appropriate form law-abiding moral purpose, still need to carry on the system analysis to the external environment.
The difference of the traditional legal culture will deeply affect people's abiding moral values, so is the traditional legal culture. Chinese deterrence and servile fear the obedience of law subjects psychology, "technique", "potential" thought and the main rules of consciousness, and acquaintances social bondage and modern public life the lack of sense of social responsibility. Are law-abiding moral factors. And hinder the modern legal standards of unified utilitarian and mediocre law-abiding citizens psychological, poor mental health status of modern citizens, the public power body model as well as weak law-abiding citizens obey the law of moral education lack, and become a reality obstacles law-abiding morality. Out of the history and reality of the obstacles you need to develop the optimization strategy from the environment, law-abiding citizens morality, improving and perfecting the law safeguard mechanism of morality, mining of traditional cultural resources, and to focus on training The citizen's critical thinking can correct the publicity and education center of the legal system, strengthen the civic consciousness education of the law-abiding main body, and learn to use the moral narrative method to return to the life world.

【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D920.0

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