近代中国民事习惯中的土地买卖与继承

发布时间：2018-02-26 01:34

本文关键词： 近代中国民事习惯土地买卖土地继承　出处：《郑州大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 国家法之外,民事习惯在规范社会生活中人们的权利与义务,维系人类社会的伦理行为和运行秩序,保持社会的正常运转等方面起着不可忽视的作用。近代中国的土地买卖和继承行为,国家法发挥的功能相对有限,民间的土地交易与继承主要是在以国家法作为背景的地方性民事习惯基础上进行的。就土地买卖、继承习惯上说各地的主旨基本一致,但在概念使用上却呈现出一定的地域特色,存在时空上的差别。本文以清末以及民国初年所进行的民事习惯调查报告为基本资料,立足于对近代中国社会中各地对土地买卖和继承习惯的分析,试图探讨统一政权和文化传统下各地区民事习惯差别的客观性,并进而以国家法及历史纵深为基点对土地买卖与继承中的民事习惯进行梳理和分析。本文共有六个部分。第一部分为绪论,主要介绍了论文选题目的、意义、研究现状以及本文主要的参考资料《民事习惯调查报告录》的产生背景。第二部分主要介绍了民事习惯的内涵和特征。第三、四部分作为一个整体,按照近代中国土地买卖的一般顺序分为七个小节来讨论了近代中国土地买卖中的民事习惯。这七个小节分别是：1.寻觅买主,定立草约；2.土地所有权；3.亲邻先买权；4.订立土地买卖契约；5.土地买卖中的第三方；6.活卖、绝卖、找价、回赎；7.违约之处理。第五部分的主要讨论了近代中国土地继承中的民事习惯。在这个部分,首先对近代民事习惯中的家庭财产继承的传统做了概述,然后从土地继承中的诸子分产和女性权利两个方面论述了近代中国土地继承习惯中的相同、相近之处。结语部分,讨论了民事习惯在近代中国土地买卖与继承中的一般特点以及如何使民事习惯在当今社会最大程度地发挥其应有的积极作用等内容。
[Abstract]:In addition to the national law, civil customs regulate the rights and obligations of people in social life, and maintain the ethical behavior and operational order of human society. Maintaining the normal operation of the society plays an important role. In modern China's land sale and inheritance, the functions of the state law are relatively limited. The folk land transaction and inheritance are mainly carried out on the basis of local civil customs with the background of national law. However, the concept of the use of certain regional characteristics, there is a difference in time and space. This article based on the late Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China conducted a civil custom investigation report as the basic data, Based on the analysis of the customs of land purchase and inheritance in modern Chinese society, this paper tries to explore the objectivity of the differences of civil customs in different regions under the unified regime and cultural tradition. Furthermore, the civil custom in land sale and inheritance is combed and analyzed on the basis of national law and historical depth. There are six parts in this paper. The first part is the introduction, which mainly introduces the purpose and significance of the thesis. The second part mainly introduces the connotation and characteristics of civil custom. The third and fourth parts as a whole. According to the general order of land purchase and sale in modern China, this paper discusses the civil custom of land sale in modern China by dividing it into seven sections. The seven subsections are respectively: 1. Looking for buyers. 2. Land ownership 3.Pro-neighbor first purchase right 4. enter into land sale contract 5. third party in land purchase and sale, live sale, no sale, asking for price, 5. the third party in the land sale and purchase, the third party in the land purchase and sale, the live sale, the absolute sale, the search for the price, Part 5th mainly discusses the civil custom of land inheritance in modern China. In this part, firstly, it summarizes the tradition of inheritance of family property in modern civil custom. Then from the two aspects of the division of property and the rights of women in land inheritance, the paper discusses the similarities and similarities in the habits of land inheritance in modern China. This paper discusses the general characteristics of civil custom in land sale and inheritance in modern China and how to make the civil custom play its due positive role in the present society.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D929;D923

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