韩国的地方自治及其对我国的启示

发布时间：2018-05-27 17:19

本文选题：地方自治 + 比较　；参考：《延边大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 宪政意义上的地方自治已有较长的历史,各国在长期的宪政发展过程中,结合本国本民族具体情况,发展了各自不同的地方自治理论。并与地方自治的实践相结合,走出了各自不同的发展道路。因而,对于“地方自治”这一概念每个国家、在不同时期可能会有不同的解释和理解。为了明确地方自治的本质进而分析韩国的地方自治在对各国的地方自治进行分类释义的基础上以模式化研究的方法对韩国的地方自治进行了模式化定义。地方自治的模式定位,可以以是否为单一制国家,该国宪法是否认可地方自治,该地方自治是否为一般法,三者为基本标准。以地方自治权的主体、地方自治的权能、以及自治地方与国家的权力关系三者为内容要素。韩国地方自治模式可以表述为：自治地方的居民广泛参与的下、非政府主体的、地方立法权与地方行政权优先的地方自治模式。即非政府主体双优先模式。韩国地方自治权的主体是自治地方的居民以及由其产生的地方自治团体的首长和地方议会。其主体模式特征在于非政府性(非官性)。从地方自治权力的范围上看,与我国的地方一级的政权人民代表大会及其常委会的权限是相似的。但是,其维度和深度却有较大的差异。特别要指出的是作为自治地方的主人居民的自治权是我国的普通公民所不能望及的。韩国自治地方与中央的关系表现为地方自治权的优先性,即地方立法权和地方行政权的优先性。我国的地方自治也有其历史渊源和丰富内涵,在新中国成立后经过半个多世纪的发展形成了民族区域自治制度、经济特区制度、特别行政区制度、基层居民自治制度等具有中国特色的、具有特别法意义上的“地方自治”制度。而如今我国传统的中央与地方关系的理论和实践已经发生和正在发生着一些新的变化,为“地方自治”赋予了更多的含义。我们不仅要改革现有的“地方自治”,也需要将这些“特别法意义上的地方自治”进行整合,推进宪法制度的完善、实现宪法规则的具体化,走“一般法意义上的地方自治”的道路。十七大提出要扩大人民民主,保证人民当家作主。要发展基层民主,保障人民享有更多更切实的民主权利。应当说是任重而道远。必然要走一个“古为今用、洋为中用”,“去粗取精、去伪存真”的渐进式发展道路。而韩国地方自治的模式为我们提供了达到这一目标的一个窗口。
[Abstract]:There is a long history of local autonomy in the sense of constitutionalism. In the process of long-term constitutional development, various countries have developed different theories of local autonomy according to their own national conditions. And with the practice of local autonomy, out of their own different development path. Thus, the concept of "local autonomy" may be interpreted and understood differently in each country at different times. In order to clarify the essence of local autonomy and then analyze the local autonomy of Korea, based on the classification and interpretation of the local autonomy of various countries, the paper defines the local autonomy of Korea by the method of pattern research. The model of local autonomy can be defined as whether it is a unitary country, whether the constitution of that country recognizes local autonomy, whether the local autonomy is a general law, and whether the three are the basic criteria. The main body of local autonomy, the power of local autonomy, and the power relationship between autonomous areas and the state are the content elements. The model of local autonomy in Korea can be described as the local autonomy model in which the local legislative power and the local administrative power take precedence under the broad participation of the residents of the autonomous area and the non-government subject. That is, the non-government subject dual priority mode. The main body of the local autonomy in Korea is the residents of the autonomous area, the head of the local self-governing group and the local council. Its main mode characteristic lies in the non-government (non-official nature). In terms of the scope of the local autonomy, it is similar to the power of the people's Congress and its standing committee at the local level in our country. However, its dimension and depth are quite different. It is especially important to point out that the autonomy of the master of autonomous areas is beyond the reach of ordinary citizens of our country. The relation between Korean autonomous region and central government is the priority of local autonomy, that is, the priority of local legislative power and local administrative power. Local autonomy in China also has its historical origins and rich connotations. After more than half a century of development since the founding of New China, the system of regional national autonomy, the system of special economic zones, and the system of special administrative regions have been formed. Grass-roots residents' autonomy system has Chinese characteristics and has special law meaning of "local autonomy" system. However, some new changes have taken place and are taking place in the traditional theory and practice of the relationship between central and local governments in China, which has given more meaning to "local autonomy". We not only need to reform the existing "local autonomy", but also need to integrate these "local autonomy" in the sense of special laws, to promote the improvement of the constitutional system, and to realize the concretization of the constitutional rules. Take the road of "local autonomy in the sense of general law". The Seventeenth National Congress proposed to expand people's democracy and ensure that the people are masters of their own affairs. We should develop democracy at the grassroots level and ensure that the people enjoy more and more practical democratic rights. It should be said that there is a long way to go. It is necessary to take a gradual development path of "using the past for the present, using the foreign for the Chinese", "getting rid of the rough, distinguishing the false, and retaining the real". The Korean model of local self-government provides us with a window to achieve this goal.
【学位授予单位】：延边大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D931.26;DD911;D921

【参考文献】