中国法制现代化的历史回顾与现实思考

发布时间：2018-06-13 03:26

本文选题：法制现代化 + 历史　；参考：《西华大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：1840年鸦片战争至20世纪末，随着西方列强的入侵，西方法律文化也随之冲击着中国传统法律文化。在这一阶段，清末预备立宪和清末修律成为了中国法制现代化的开端，开启了中国法制现代化的进程。1911年辛亥革命后的民国时代对法制现代化进行了初步探索。1949年新中国成立，中国新型法制得以创建，，为中国的法制建设打下了良好的基础。1978年改革开放后，在现代化建设的推动下，中国法制现代化得以重新起步，并在此后得到了全面发展。在回顾历史的过程中，不难发现，中国法制现代化有诸多的动因，其中主要的动因有：政治动因、经济动因和法文化动因。其中，政治制度的变革和政治民主化的推进对中国法制现代化起着最直接的影响。经济的发展和经济体制的变革起着极为重要的推动作用。西方法律文化对中国法制现代化起着初始性的推动作用，而中国传统法文化对中国法制现代化起着启动与阻滞的双重作用。在中国法制现代化发展的进程中，显现出了几个维度的基本趋向：从法制现代化最初的动力来源为尺度，呈现出外发型到内发型发展的趋势；以法制现代化过程中的推动力量为尺度，呈现出从政府推进到社会演进发展的趋势；以法律在社会中的地位为尺度，呈现出从人治到法治发展的趋势；以“权利和义务，何者为重心”为标尺，呈现出从义务本位到权利本位发展的趋势；最后，以法制现代化的形式标准为尺度，呈现出从反形式化到法律形式化发展的趋势。当前，在推进中国法制现代化的进程中还存在一些问题，比如：国家现代化程度不理想、传统国家政治体系的不足、现代法制理念的缺失和法律运行存在问题。对此，我们必须从提高国家现代化水平、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化、加强社会主义法治理念教育和规范法律运行机制等方式来推进中国法制现代化的进程。
[Abstract]:From the Opium War of 1840 to the end of the 20th century, with the invasion of Western powers, the western legal culture also impacted the traditional Chinese legal culture. At this stage, the preparatory constitution of the late Qing Dynasty and the law revision of the late Qing Dynasty became the beginning of the modernization of China's legal system, which began the process of the modernization of the Chinese legal system. The era of the Republic of China after the 1911 Revolution made a preliminary exploration of the modernization of the legal system, and the founding of New China in 1949. China's new legal system was established, which laid a good foundation for China's legal construction. After the reform and opening up in 1978, under the impetus of modernization, the modernization of China's legal system has been re-started, and has been fully developed since then. In the course of reviewing the history, it is not difficult to find that there are many reasons for the modernization of China's legal system, among which the main ones are: political, economic and legal and cultural. Among them, the reform of political system and the promotion of political democratization have the most direct influence on the modernization of Chinese legal system. The development of economy and the reform of economic system play an extremely important role in promoting. Western legal culture plays an initial role in promoting the modernization of China's legal system, while Chinese traditional legal culture plays a dual role of starting and blocking the modernization of China's legal system. In the process of the development of China's legal system modernization, the basic trends of several dimensions are shown: from the initial power source of the legal modernization as the yardstick, it presents the trend of the development of the external hairstyle to the internal hairstyle; Taking the driving force in the process of modernization of legal system as the yardstick, showing the trend of development from government to society, taking the position of law in society as the yardstick, showing the trend of development from the rule of man to the rule of law. What is the center of gravity "as the yardstick, showing the development trend from the obligation standard to the right standard, and finally, taking the formal standard of the legal system modernization as the yardstick, showing the trend from the anti-formalization to the legal formalization." At present, there are still some problems in the process of promoting the modernization of China's legal system, such as: the degree of national modernization is not ideal, the traditional national political system is insufficient, the modern legal concept is lacking and the law is running. Therefore, we must promote the modernization of China's legal system by raising the level of national modernization, promoting the modernization of the country's governance system and ability, strengthening the education of socialist legal concept and standardizing the mechanism of legal operation, and so on.
【学位授予单位】：西华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D920.0

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