论哈贝马斯对立法权的重构

发布时间：2018-06-24 03:00

本文选题：事实性 + 规范性　；参考：《上海社会科学院》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 近代以来,西方社会摆脱了宗教的束缚,社会日益世俗化。世俗利益出现分化,社会出现巨大变动,文化观念不断更新。在这历史背景下,法律思想也经历了重大转变,其中也包括宪法理论的重大变化。自由主义的法律范式开始转变,福利国家的法律范式开始出现,两种范式的竞争推动了宪法理论的发展。在法治国内,自由主义范式和福利国家范式都没法对规范的事实性与有效性之间的紧张关系做出有效的回应。哈贝马斯提出商谈理论来化解这一难题。一方面,他将自由主义所主张的基本权利体系作为商谈的交往预设,另一方面,他又吸收了共和主义国家积极能动功能,将国家的能动作用放在民主法治国的理论中。立法权作为哈贝马斯民主法治国思想的重要内容,在宪法理论中具有重要地位。他把立法权的法理基础建立在商谈的法哲学基础上。商谈的法哲学试图解决规范的事实性与有效性之间的紧张关系,“民主法治国”把“通过合法律性获得合法性”作为对自身的理解。通过这种理解,哈贝马斯提出交往理性的概念,重构了传统宪法理论的法哲学基础——实践理性概念。交往理性使彼此行动所接受的规范得以在交往的商谈过程中形成。而为了协调交往,商谈民主构成了其核心的协调机制。法治通过民主实现正当性基础。在立法的商谈基础上,法律范式发生了转变,权利体系也被重构。立法活动通过交往形式的支撑解决竞争性民主的意识形态上的虚假性。权利体系的转变使权利体系具有主体间结构。在立法与宪法判决问题上,宪法判决具有准立法效果,但宪法判决遇到的事实性与有效性的矛盾被放到法律商谈中解决。在人民主权和三权分立的逻辑上,哈贝马斯提出一个非中心化的社会观,试图使新时代背景下的立法的政治过程得到合理说明。以此思路,非中心化的社会观使立法权得以重构。本文将分四章来论述哈贝马斯对立法权的重构。第一章分析哈贝马斯对立法权的法理学基础的重构。从事实性与规范性、交往合理性和商谈民主三方面对法理学基础的重构做出分析。指出,事实性与规范性的矛盾是哈贝马斯法学思想所要解决的核心问题,也是对立法权重构的出发点。交往合理性是哈贝马斯解决现代性危机的新概念。商谈民主是缓解民主法治国危机的重要手段。它不同于自由主义和共和主义的民主概念,是对民主的新的理解方式。第二章分析立法的商谈基础。从法律商谈论、交往形式和权利体系的变化的角度来分析法律商谈论对立法的重构。第三章分析立法权的内在逻辑问题。立法权的重构,需要从立法和宪法判决的关系、对人民主权和三权分立的逻辑重构等方面入手来理解。第四章对哈贝马斯立法的过程进行分析并总结。指出,哈贝马斯立法权思想重在引入程序主义范式,赋予立法程序以形成合理共识的能力。对中国来说,借鉴哈贝马斯立法权思想要注意交叉吸收,同时,也要注意对代议制民主的完善。
[Abstract]:Since the modern times , the western society has got rid of the shackles of religion , society is becoming more and more secularized . In this historical background , the legal thought has undergone a great transformation , which also includes the great changes of the constitutional theory . In this historical background , the liberal legal paradigm begins to shift , the welfare state ' s legal paradigm begins to emerge , and the competition of the two paradigms promotes the development of the constitutional theory . On the one hand , he takes the fundamental rights system advocated by liberalism as the communication preset of the negotiation , and on the other hand , he absorbs the active function of the communist countries , and puts the dynamic role of the State in the theory of the democratic rule of law .

The legislative power plays an important role in the theory of constitutional law as an important part of the democratic rule of law . He establishes the legal foundation of legislative power on the basis of the legal philosophy of the negotiation .

On the basis of the discussion of legislation , the legal paradigm has changed , and the rights system has been reconstructed . The transformation of the rights system makes the rights system have the main structure . In the law and the constitution ruling , the contradiction between the factual nature and the validity of the constitutional judgement is put into the legal negotiation . In the logic of the people ' s sovereignty and the separation of the three powers , the political process of the legislation in the context of the new era is reasonably explained .

In this paper , four chapters are divided into four chapters to discuss the reconstruction of the legislative power .

The first chapter analyzes the reconstruction of the legal foundation of the legislative power , and points out that the contradiction between the facts and the norm is the core problem to be solved by the theory of law , and it is the starting point for the reconstruction of the legislative power .
【学位授予单位】：上海社会科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D901

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