“较大的市”地方性法规的立法空间及趋势研究

发布时间：2018-06-24 13:51

本文选题：“较大的市”地方性法规 + 地方立法　；参考：《中国海洋大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】：“较大的市”地方立法制度设立的初衷是通过赋予特色经济城市立法权而保障其新的发展空间,独立解决现实发展中的诸多矛盾与冲突。“较大的市”的地方立法在促进市场经济的发展,回应城市发展多元化利益诉求方面发挥了不可替代的作用,20多年来卓有成效的实践奠定了其在制度层面得以维系并进一步发展的现实基础。从宪政制度的设计上来看,“较大的市”作为一个宪法意义上的概念,在宪法文本和立法制度层面有着不同的涵义,《宪法》主要是从行政区划的角度来界定的,而在《立法法》中则是从地方立法权的主体角度加以表述的。“较大的市”的立法权是伴随着我国经济体制改革,遵循简政放权的思路应运而生,《地方各级人民代表大会和地方各级人民政府组织法》和《立法法》的出台是“较大的市”立法权变迁的标志性事件,大致经历了三个发展阶段。“较大的市”地方立法权产生的理论基础主要有：其一是中央与地方立法的分权,我国经济市场化和政治民主化进程的深入反应在立法领域就是立法决策的多中心化以及立法主体的多元化,中央与地方立法的关系逐渐走向一种新型的中央与地方之间的相互合作与依赖关系。其二是城市立法的理论,这一概念的提出着眼于城市立法的特殊价值,即城市立法的重心直接指向城市,直接面向公民的社会生活,把城市立法概念从传统的地方立法概念中剥离出来,有利于发掘其理论潜力和实践功能。其社会功能主要体现在：完善中央立法,促进社会主义法律体系的形成；依法治市,促进城市发展；保障公民权利,实现立法民主化。从立法理论上看,“较大的市”立法权在制度设计上缺乏宪法规范的支撑,其运行过程中也存在着一些急需规范的问题,这也反应了宪政制度的规范性和滞后性与社会现实的变动性和改革性之间常常发生矛盾和冲突。“较大的市”地方立法所面临的困境主要有：合宪性的质疑；法律名称、立法权限的模糊性；审批制度的失范；省级人大常委会批准权性质及其审查标准的争议性；以及如何在控权与赋权的博弈中寻求平衡。此外,本文还选取了联邦制国家美国和单一制国家日本的城市立法作为比较研究的对象,对两国的城市自治、立法权限的划分作了深入研究和探讨。在地方立法中,“较大的市”处于我国立法体制的底层,在细微之处推动着我国的法治建设。从立法位阶上来看“较大的市”的地方性法规受制于中央、省级立法权限的制约,立法空间较为狭小。但是作为城市立法,“较大的市”立法又有着更强的针对性和可操作性,有着调整上级立法无力触及的城市事务管理的权力,要实现城市的依法治理,将涉及公民切身利益的城市公共事务都纳入法律的调整范围,这就意味着较大市的地方立法还存在着广阔的发展空间。影响其立法空间的因素主要有：中央与地方立法权限的划分；法律、行政法规逐渐完备,条文规定日趋细化；省市立法权限的划分及省级人大常委会的批准权；中央的立法导向和城市发展特色。本文从两方面对“较大的市”地方性法规的立法空间进行了探讨,一方面是从立法形态上,分别分析了实施性立法、自主性立法、先行性立法的立法空间；另一方面是结合青岛市城市发展战略对青岛市地方性法规的实证研究,通过考察青岛市现行有效的地方性法规在不同领域的动态变化过程,考察地方性法规与城市发展的互动作用,以期有助于直观地把握“较大的市”地方性法规的变化特点和发展空间,从而为提高其立法质量提供科学的预测和建议。 “较大的市”地方性法规的发展趋势主要有：完善“较大的市”的赋权制度；明晰立法权限,协调与省级立法的关系；省管县制度对“较大的市”地方性法规的影响；立法领域逐渐从加强行政管理和促进经济发展向社会领域立法推进；立法理念的人性化、立法程序的民主化、公开化趋势；立法清理、立法后评估将成为较大市立法的重要工作。
[Abstract]:The original intention of the establishment of the "larger city" local legislative system is to guarantee its new development space by endowing the characteristic economic city with legislative power, and to solve many contradictions and conflicts in the development of reality independently. The local legislation of "big city" has played a role in promoting the development of the market economy and responding to the diversified interests demand of the city. The replaceable role, effective practice for more than 20 years, has laid a realistic foundation for maintaining and further developing it at the institutional level.
From the design of constitutional system, "big city", as a concept in the sense of constitution, has different meanings in the level of constitutional text and legislative system. "Constitution >" is mainly defined from the angle of administrative division, but in the legislative law, it is expressed from the angle of the main body of the local legislative power. "Big city". The legislative right is accompanied by the reform of the economic system in China and the idea of following the power of simplicity and decentralization. "The local people's congresses at all levels and the local people's governments at all levels" and "the legislative law" are the landmark events of the "larger city" legislative power, which has roughly experienced three stages of development. "Greater city" local legislative power. The theoretical basis is mainly as follows: one is the decentralization of the central and local legislation. The deep reaction of the process of economic marketization and political democratization in our country is the multi centralization of the legislative decision and the pluralism of the legislative subject in the legislative field. The relationship between the central and local legislation gradually goes to a new type of central and local areas. The second is the theory of urban legislation, which focuses on the special value of urban legislation, that is, the focus of urban legislation directly points to the city, directly faces the social life of citizens, and exfoliates the concept of urban legislation from the traditional local legislative concept, which is beneficial to the exploration of its theoretical potential and practical work. Its social functions are mainly embodied in the following aspects: perfecting the central legislation and promoting the formation of the socialist legal system; governing the city according to law, promoting the development of the city; guaranteeing the rights of the citizens and realizing the democratization of the legislation. From the legislative theory, the legislative power of "big City" lacks the support of the constitutional norms in the system design. There are some problems that need to be standardized urgently. This also reflects the contradiction and conflict between the normative and lagging of constitutional system and the change and reform of social reality. The main difficulties faced by the "big city" local legislation are as follows: the question of constitutionality, the name of the law, the fuzziness of the authority of the legislative authority, and the anomie of the examination and approval system; The nature of the approval right of the Standing Committee of the provincial people's Congress and its examination standards is controversial, and how to balance the game of controlling power and empowerment. In addition, this article also selects the city legislation of the United States and the single state of Japan as the object of comparative study, and makes an in-depth study of the urban autonomy of the two countries and the division of legislative powers. Study and discuss.
In the local legislation, the "big city" is at the bottom of the legislative system of our country, which promotes the construction of the rule of law in our country. From the legislative level, the local laws and regulations of "big city" are subject to the central and provincial legislative powers, and the Legislative Space is relatively small. However, as a city legislation, the "larger city" legislation is also the same. With more pertinence and maneuverability, it has the power to adjust the management of urban affairs that the superior legislation can't touch. It is necessary to bring the urban public affairs involved in the urban public affairs into the scope of the law, which means that the legislation of the big city has a broad space for development. The main factors of legislative space include: the division of the legislative authority of the central and local areas; the law, the administrative regulations gradually complete, the provisions of the provisions becoming more and more detailed; the division of the legislative powers of provinces and cities and the approval power of the Standing Committee of the provincial people's Congress; the legislative direction of the Central Committee and the characteristics of the urban development. This article faces the "big city" local regulations from the two parties. The legislative space is discussed. On the one hand, from the legislative form, it analyzes the implementation legislation, the autonomous legislation, the legislative space of the antecedent legislation; on the other hand, it combines the Qingdao city development strategy to the Qingdao municipal local laws and regulations, and through the investigation of the existing effective local laws and regulations of Qingdao in different fields. The dynamic change process, examining the interaction between local regulations and urban development, is expected to be helpful to intuitively grasp the characteristics and development space of the "big city" local laws and regulations, so as to provide scientific predictions and suggestions for improving the quality of their legislation.
The development trend of the "big city" local regulations mainly include: perfecting the empowerment system of "big city", clarifying the legislative authority, coordinating the relationship with the provincial legislation, the influence of the provincial administrative county system on the "big city" local regulations, and the legislative field gradually from strengthening the administrative management and promoting the economic development to the social field. Advancing, the humanization of the legislative concept, the democratization of the legislative procedure, the trend of openness, the clean-up of the legislation and the assessment after the legislation will become an important task in the legislation of the larger cities.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D920.0

【引证文献】