南宋的民事裁判:同案同判还是异判

发布时间：2018-06-25 06:02

本文选题：南宋 + 民事裁判　；参考：《中国社会科学》2012年08期

【摘要】：遇到同类或同一案件时,宋代的民事裁判能否超越时、地、人的不同,达到前后判决的一致?就立嗣与分产来说,南宋中晚期20多年间,五位来自三路、四州府、五县的审理者,在东至两浙东西路,北至京西南路和淮南西路,还有中部的江南西路和荆湖南路等广大地域,作出相当一致的判决。一致的原因,首推依法而判,反映出南宋的立法相当周严,以及审判者受到制度的约束,如要求援引法条。第二是审理者所用的道理和《论语》、《春秋》等经义,大都简单、普遍且符合民情,发挥着辅助而非抵触法律的作用。第三是讲究逻辑推理。第四是审判的目的相同。第五是效法相同的儒学或司法名公,如范仲淹、张奰。此外,他们彼此是师生、朋友或同门(如程朱理学),参用彼此的观点和书判,阅读相同的法律名著、儒学经典和科举用书等。这些跟刑事裁判达成一致的因素几无两样。
[Abstract]:When it comes to the same case or the same case, can the civil judge of the Song Dynasty surpass the time when the land, the person's difference, reach the consistency of the judgment before and after? For more than 20 years in the middle and late Southern Song Dynasty, five judges from Sanlu, the fourth state capital, and five counties were in the east to the east, to the east to the west of Zhejiang, to the north to the west of Beijing and to the west of Huainan, to the north, to the west of Beijing and to the west of Huainan. There are central Jiangnan West Road and Jing Hunan Road and other vast areas, made a fairly consistent decision. The reason of consistency, first and foremost, is that the legislation of the Southern Song Dynasty is very strict, and that the judges are bound by the system, such as the requirement to invoke the law. The second is the truth and the Analects of Confucius, the Spring and Autumn period, which are mostly simple, universal and in line with the people's situation, and play a role of assisting rather than violating the law. The third is to pay attention to logical reasoning. The fourth is that the purpose of the trial is the same. The fifth is to follow the same Confucian or judicial name, such as Fan Zhongyan, Zhang Li. In addition, they are teachers and students, friends or peers (such as Cheng Zhu Neo-Confucianism), using each other's views and judgments, reading the same legal masterpieces, Confucian classics and imperial examination books, etc. These elements are almost the same as the elements of criminal justice.
【作者单位】：台湾"中研院"历史语言研究所;
【分类号】：D929

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