刑事案件中证人证言可靠性研究

发布时间：2018-10-26 15:02

【摘要】：证人证言是证人就其直接或间接感受到的有关案件的某些情况向侦查人员、检察人员、审判人员所作的陈述。证人证言可以揭示案件的真实情况，作为最常见的证据之一，其对公安机关顺利破案以及法院作出判决有着至关重要的作用。然而，，其能否成为破案的关键以及能否被法庭当做证据所采纳，很大程度上取决于证人供述的真实性，证人证言的真实性对整个案件的关键性作用在刑事案件中尤为突出。西方关于证人证言真实性的语言分析法主要是CBCA （标准内容基础分析），在部分国家此方法已被用于刑事侦查阶段。本文从真实的语料出发，采用理论分析和实验分析相结合的方法，探讨刑事案件中警察询问阶段证人证言的语言和结构特点，进而总结出在真实的证人证言中出现的几个语言线索。以真实的语料和前人的研究为基础，本文归纳出两大类、七小类的语言线索，即语言内容（逻辑性、语境铺垫、详细的信息、知觉信息和主观评价）和语言形式（和谐的人称分布和信息结构）。通过心理学上证人心理过程的分析和法律语言学上语篇信息结构理论的分析，作者解释了这些语言线索出现的原因；而实验研究旨在揭示CBCA以及本文总结出的新语言线索在辨别证人证言真实性方面的有效性。本实验在模拟一例刑事案件的基础上，运用测谎仪测试以及文本分析的方法试图揭示测谎仪与语言工具在辨别证人证言可靠性上的准确率，通过问卷分析的方法来探讨被试在说真话与说假话较常用的语言策略。参与本实验的被试分为两组，每组8人，共16人，12名女生，4名男生，均为广东外语外贸大学英语专业的硕士研究生。实验结果显示CBCA在判断证人证言真实性方面有一定的准确率，62.5%，但同时也会产生假阳性的结果，即撒谎者被判断为真实陈述者，50%；两组测谎仪测试结果的准确率均为75%；在新语言线索分析中，通过与均值（9分）比较，两组在判别真假的准确率均为87.5%。由此可见，通过语言工具来判别证人证言的可靠性是可行且有效的。而问卷分析显示两组被试均认为为说服对方相信自己，其会尽可能提供详细的信息，因此，在判别真假时，此语言策略应引起格外注意。本研究属于法律语言心理学的范畴，笔者希望通过本研究能够引起更多专家、学者对此领域的关注，进而推动法律语言学在中国司法实践中的进一步应用。
[Abstract]:Witness testimony is a statement made by a witness to investigators, procurators, and judges about the circumstances of a case he feels directly or indirectly. Witness testimony can reveal the true situation of the case. As one of the most common evidence, it plays a vital role in the smooth resolution of the case by the public security organs and the court's decision. However, whether it can be the key to solve the case and whether it can be accepted as evidence depends largely on the authenticity of the witness's confession. The authenticity of the witness's testimony is particularly important in the criminal case. The western linguistic analysis of the authenticity of witness testimony is mainly CBCA (Standard content basis Analysis), which has been used in criminal investigation in some countries. Based on the real corpus, this paper discusses the language and structural characteristics of witness testimony in the police interrogation stage in criminal cases by combining theoretical analysis with experimental analysis. Then summarizes several language clues that appear in the true witness testimony. Based on the real corpus and previous studies, this paper concludes two categories, seven sub-categories of language cues, that is, language content (logic, context, detailed information). Perceptual information and subjective evaluation) and linguistic forms (harmonious personal distribution and information structure). By analyzing the psychological process of witnesses in psychology and the theory of discourse information structure in forensic linguistics, the author explains the reasons for the emergence of these linguistic clues. The purpose of this study is to reveal the validity of CBCA and the new linguistic cues in identifying the authenticity of witness testimony. On the basis of simulating a criminal case, this experiment tries to reveal the accuracy of lie detector and language tool in identifying the reliability of witness testimony by means of lie detector test and text analysis. In this paper, the language strategies of telling truth and falsehood are discussed by questionnaire analysis. The subjects in this experiment were divided into two groups, each group consisted of 8 students, 16 students, 12 girls and 4 boys, all of whom were graduate students majoring in English from Guangdong University of Foreign Studies and Foreign Trade. The experimental results show that CBCA has a certain accuracy in judging the authenticity of witness testimony, 62.5, but also produces false positive results, that is, the liars are judged as true statements, 50; In the new language clue analysis, the accuracy of the two groups was 87.5 by comparing with the mean value (9 points). Therefore, it is feasible and effective to judge the reliability of witness testimony by language tools. The questionnaire analysis showed that both groups believed that in order to convince each other to believe themselves, they would provide as much detailed information as possible. Therefore, the language strategy should be paid more attention to when judging the truth and falsehood. This research belongs to the category of legal language psychology. The author hopes that through this study more experts and scholars will pay more attention to this field and further promote the further application of forensic linguistics in Chinese judicial practice.
【学位授予单位】：广东外语外贸大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D90-055

【相似文献】