我国人大制度下人民法院的定位

发布时间：2018-01-23 23:25

本文关键词： 人大人民法院人民政府人民检察院定位功能　出处：《福建师范大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：新中国成立以来,历史性地选择了以人民代表大会制度作为政权组织形式,以民主集中制作为根本组织原则来构建国家权力结构体系,由此确立了具有中国特色社会主义的一元分立宪政政体。在这样的政治背景之下,人民法院已经成为国家和社会生活中不可缺少的角色。必须指出的是,与美国三权分立体制下所产生的法院相比,我国的人民法院具有不同的角色定位和功能配置。诚然,现行的宪法和人民法院组织法已经对人民法院在国家权力结构中的地位和功能做出了明确的规定,即人民法院具有较为完整的制度定位。然而,“静态层面”的定位并没有向“动态层面”的定位转化。人民法院在宪政实践中的定位,仍然存在着偏差、越位,错位等问题,主要表现为：人大与人民法院之间监督关系的异化,人民法院与人民政府之间平行关系的失衡,上下级人民法院关系的行政化倾向,人民法院功能非理性扩张和部分萎缩并存等。为了切实解决这些问题,彻底改变人民法院定位的不良现状,笔者认为,理应从以下几个方面进行改革和完善：首先,实现人大与人民法院之间监督关系的回归和落实；其次,真正确立人民法院与人民政府之间的相互平行与相互制约关系；再次,恢复上下级人民法院之间的审级监督关系：最后,科学、合理的界定人民法院的功能。总而言之,通过践行以上几项改革措施和完善建议,进而实现人大制度下我国人民法院的“应然性”定位,最终为法院的改革实践提供正确的指引。
[Abstract]:Since the founding of New China, the people's Congress system has been chosen as the form of political power organization, and the democratic centralism as the fundamental organizational principle to construct the system of state power structure. In this political background, the people's court has become an indispensable role in national and social life. It must be pointed out that. Compared with the courts produced under the system of separation of powers in the United States, the people's courts in our country have different roles and functions. The current constitution and the organic law of the people's court have made a clear stipulation on the position and function of the people's court in the structure of state power, that is, the people's court has a relatively complete system orientation. The positioning of "static level" has not changed to "dynamic level". In the practice of constitutionalism, the people's court still has some problems, such as deviation, offside, dislocation and so on. The main manifestations are: the alienation of the supervisory relationship between the people's Congress and the people's court, the imbalance of the parallel relationship between the people's court and the people's government, and the administrative tendency of the relationship between the higher and lower people's courts. In order to solve these problems and completely change the bad situation of the people's court, the author thinks that the function of the people's court is expanding irrationally and the part is atrophied and so on. Reform and perfection should be carried out from the following aspects: first, to realize the return and implementation of the supervisory relationship between the people's Congress and the people's court; Secondly, the relationship between the people's court and the people's government should be established. Thirdly, restore the supervisory relationship between the higher and lower people's courts: finally, scientifically and reasonably define the functions of the people's courts. In a word, through the implementation of the above several reform measures and perfect suggestions. And then realize the orientation of the people's court of our country under the system of the people's Congress, and finally provide correct guidance for the practice of the reform of the court.
【学位授予单位】：福建师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D926.2

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