律师惩戒权问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-02 08:25

本文关键词： 律师惩戒权行政处罚权纪律处分权律师管理体制律师协会　出处：《中国政法大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文以律师惩戒权为研究对象,在“两结合”管理体制背景下,详细论述了律师惩戒权的性质、来源、形成原因,最后分析了改革律师惩戒权的必要性、可行性和改革方法。 1980年,全国人大常委会颁布了《中华人民共和国律师暂行条例》,初步构建了我国律师制度。1993年,国务院批准了《司法部关于深化律师工作改革的方案》。该方案首次明确了“两结合”的律师管理体制:“从我国的国情和律师工作的实际出发,建立司法行政机关的行政管理与律师协会行业管理相结合的管理体制。经过一个时期的实践后,逐步向司法行政机关宏观管理下的律师协会行业管理体制过渡。”1996年颁布的《律师法》将“两结合”的管理体制以法律的形式规定下来,本法规定了律师协会是律师的自律性组织,律师必须加入所在的地方律师协会,还详细规定了律师协会的各项职责。在律师管理体制中,律师惩戒权是一项极为重要的权利。本文中,笔者对律师惩戒权进行了界定,认为目前司法行政机关对律师的行政处罚权和律师协会的纪律处分权都属于律师惩戒权。本文第一部分为引论,本部分阐述了选题的由来、选题的研究现状及存在缺陷、选题的意义、本文的逻辑及研究方法。本章指出,目前我国关于律师惩戒制度的研究存在两大缺陷:第一,过分强调律师行业应采取自治原则,律师惩戒权应归律师协会所有,而忽略了我国的司法传统,没有将自治原则与我国司法传统相结合;第二,提出完善律师惩戒制度的方法时,没有注意到应遵循我国目前的法律体系。本选题的意义在于,笔者反对照搬照抄西方国家的经验,试图在现有的法律体系、法律制度框架和司法传统下,寻求一条完善我国律师惩戒权体系的道路。同时笔者在本章阐述了本文的逻辑思路和所使用的三种研究方法,即:历史分析法、规范分析法、比较法。第一章论述了我国的现行的律师管理体制及其形成过程,详细分析了律师协会的权力性质和来源,以及律师协会在行政法上的法律地位。本章指出,律师协会的权力来源在实证法上来自于法律授予,行政委托和契约约定。而律师协会所行使的权力的性质均属于公权力,只是其在行使基于契约的公权力时,并不能作为“行政主体”而存在,不能作为行政诉讼的被告,缺乏外部救济。第二章通过立法的视角详细描述了我国现行律师惩戒权的建立过程,展现了律师惩戒权在确立过程中各种观点,说明了现行律师惩戒权二元体制形成的原因。同时详细论述了作为律师惩戒权之一的律师协会纪律处分权的权利来源和性质,揭示了律师协会的纪律处分权表面上是通过章程所赋予律师协会的权力,是一种律师协会管理成员的内部管理权。但实质上,律师协会的纪律处分权本质上来源于国家的意志。第三章分析了律师惩戒权二元体制形成的原因,其直接原因表现为:一方面,对于司法行政机关的行政处罚权而言,某些对律师的惩戒方式被认为是政府所固有的权力,不会因为实施律师协会行业管理,就将其转移给律师协会来行使。另一方面,我国试图学习的西方惩戒委员会制度在中国立法环境下未得以完全确立。而其更深层次的原因是,司法行政机关在国家行政体系中本身处于弱势地位,放权意愿不强;律师协会独立性日渐加强,司法行政机关对其难于控制,在此种情形下,司法行政机关不愿将自身的权限完全转移给律师协会。第四章笔者分析了改革律师惩戒权的必要性和可行性。笔者认为,改革律师惩戒制度可以节约行政资源,可以使目前运行的二元体制更具备合理性,更为重要的是,在律师“行业自治”是成为主流和发展方向的今天,应该构建适合我国司法传统和权力结构律师惩戒权。最后,笔者提出了对于重构律师惩戒方式和惩戒权限的建议,提出在惩戒方式上保留如下几种:警告(不公开)、公开训诫(公开)、停止执业、吊销律师执照、罚款、没收违法所得几种惩罚方式。在惩戒权限的划分上,笔者提出了三种划分方式以给读者留下想象思考空间,即:方式一、律师协会拥有警告的纪律处分权,司法行政机关拥有公开训诫、停止执业、吊销律师执照、罚款和没收违法所得的行政处罚权;方式二、律师协会拥有警告、公开训诫、停止执业的惩戒权,司法行政机关拥有吊销律师执照的惩戒权,至于罚款和没收违法所得可以由两个部门共享;方式三、律师协会拥有惩戒调查权,司法行政机关拥有惩戒决定权。
[Abstract]:Taking the disciplinary right of lawyers as the object of study, under the background of the "two combinations" management system, this paper discusses the nature, sources and causes of lawyer's disciplinary right, and finally analyzes the necessity, feasibility and reform methods of reforming lawyer's disciplinary right.
In 1980, the NPC Standing Committee promulgated the "Provisional Regulations of People's Republic of China law >, constructs a system of lawyers in China.1993 years, the State Council approved the" Ministry of justice on deepening the reform of the work of a lawyer. The scheme for the first time defined the "lawyer management system combined with the two": "starting from the actual situation of our country and the work of lawyers the establishment of administrative management and management of Lawyers Association of judicial and administrative organs of the integrated management system. After a period of practice, gradually to the lawyers association management system transition macro management of the judicial administrative organs under the law." < > issued in 1996 will be "two combination" management system in the form of law set down, the provisions of this law, the lawyers association is a self disciplinary organization of lawyers, lawyers must join his local lawyers association, specified the duties of Lawyers Association. In the management system of lawyers, the right of disciplinary punishment is a very important right. In this paper, the author defines the right of disciplinary punishment, and thinks that the right of administrative punishment and the disciplinary power of lawyers associations belong to the right of disciplinary punishment.
The first part is introduction, this part expatiates the origin and defects of current research topic, the significance of the topic, logic and research method in this paper. This chapter points out that, at present there are two major defects of the disciplinary system of lawyers in China: first, too much emphasis on legal profession should adopt the principle of autonomy, lawyer the disciplinary right should belong to all lawyers association, ignoring China's judicial tradition, not autonomy and judicial tradition of our country combined; second, improve the method of disciplinary punishment of lawyers, did not notice should follow the legal system of our country at present. This is the significance of the topic, the author opposes the copy of western countries try to experience, in the existing legal system, legal framework and judicial tradition, seek a perfect our legal punishment power system of the road. At the same time in this chapter the author expounds the logical thought And the three methods used, namely, historical analysis, normative analysis and comparison.
The first chapter discusses China's current lawyer management system and its forming process, a detailed analysis of the nature of the power source and the lawyers' Association, and the legal status of Lawyers Association in administrative law. This chapter points out that lawyers association power sources in the empirical law from the law granting administrative entrustment contract, and. The nature of lawyers' Association shall exercise his powers belong to public power, the public power is based on the contract in the exercise, and not as a "administrative subject" exists, not as a defendant in administrative litigation, the lack of external relief.
The second chapter through the perspective of the legislative process of a detailed description of the establishment of the disciplinary right of China's current law, show the lawyer disciplinary authority in the process of establishing view, explains the current lawyer disciplinary authority formed two yuan system. At the same time elaborated the origin and nature of rights as a lawyer of the bar association of the disciplinary right of disposition rights that reveals the disciplinary powers on the surface of Bar Association lawyers association is conferred by the articles of association of power, is a member of the bar association management internal management rights. But in fact, the Lawyers Association disciplinary right of this matter comes from the will of the country.
The third chapter analyzes the reasons of lawyers disciplinary authority form the two element system, the direct reason is: on the one hand, the right of administrative punishment in judicial administrative organs, some lawyers disciplinary approach is believed to be the inherent power of the government, not because the management of the implementation of Lawyers Association of industry, will be transferred to the lawyers association to exercise. On the other hand, the committee system in Western China is not trying to learn discipline be fully established in the Chinese legislative environment. But the deeper reason is that the judicial administrative organs in the national administrative system itself in a weak position, decentralization will is not strong; the independence of lawyers association is increasing, it is difficult to control the judicial administrative organs for, in this case, the judicial and administrative authorities will not own authority completely transferred to the lawyers association.
The fourth chapter the author analyzes the necessity and feasibility of the disciplinary right of lawyer reform. The author believes that the reform of lawyer disciplinary system can save administrative resources, can make two yuan system currently running more reasonable, more importantly, is to become the main stream and the development direction of today in the "lawyer profession autonomy", should build China's judicial tradition and the power structure of lawyers right of discipline. Finally, the author puts forward the way for the reconstruction of lawyer discipline and disciplinary authority, make a reservation following several ways: in the disciplinary warning (not published), public reprimand (public), stop practicing, fine disbarred, confiscate the illegal income, some punishment. In the division of disciplinary authority, the author puts forward the three division to give the readers imagination thinking space, namely: A, Discipline Department lawyers association has warned the decentralization of the judicial administrative organs Have a public reprimand, stop practicing, disbarred, right of administrative punishment of fine and confiscation of illegal income; two, the lawyers association has warned publicly admonished, stop practicing the right of discipline, judicial and administrative authorities have revoked the punishment for lawyer's license, fines and confiscation of illegal income can be shared by two departments; three the lawyer, the association has the right of investigation and punishment, with the judicial administrative organs disciplinary decisions.

【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D926.5

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