我国法官人身安全保障的问题与对策

发布时间：2018-03-02 15:30

本文选题：法官人身安全　切入点：法律保障　出处：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,我国法治化建设不断推进,社会文明程度提高,司法环境也越来越好,法官职业的专业化和职业保障情况都发生很大的进步。然而,随着经济和社会的改革和发展,人民生产生活中产生的矛盾和纠纷也迅速增加,法院作为解决社会纠纷的国家机关,近年来受理的案件基本都呈增长态势和复杂化,一方面法官的业务压力巨大,另一方面,法官受到人身伤害的事件却频频发生,一些案件的当事人因不愿法官作出违背自己期待的判决而阻挠、妨碍法官的审判工作,或者因不服判决而威胁恐吓、滋事骚扰法官,或者诽谤侮辱、诬告陷害法官,甚至将侵害行为波及到法官的家人。这不仅侵犯法官的人身安全、干扰法官的正常工作、严重损害办案人员的人格尊严,同时也严重破坏了司法秩序和司法权威。除引言和结语外,本文共分为四部分。第一部分:简述我国法官人身安全的现状与问题。重点介绍在今年年初间隔不到一个月的时间里,发生的两起法官遇害事件,并参考2006年山东省枣庄市中级人民法院和2008年广东省广州市中级人民法院的两篇相关调研报告,总结分析当前我国法官人身安全保障的现状、伤害法官人身安全事件具有的特点以及现状所反映出的问题。第二部分:分析我国法官人身安全问题的主要成因。首先是保护法官人身安全的立法存在不足:《法官法》非常的笼统、模糊;各种《规定》《办法》纷繁复杂,要点不清晰;《刑法》的规定不足;《刑法修正案(九)》的改进依然有限。另外,司法行政方面的保障措施不到位,司法警察和公安机关在法院外不能有效保护法官等,还存在一些社会的现实原因,主要是部分当事人缺乏守法精神,没有遵守法律、尊重法官、敬畏司法权威的意识。第三部分:本章着重介绍域外对保障法官人身安全的有关制度。简要概述被广泛模仿和借鉴的英国"藐视法庭罪"的制度设计,和在改进法官人身安全保障这个问题上经验最丰富的美国的相关措施。英国制定"藐视法庭罪"确保法官的人身安全、赋予法官判决"扰乱法庭秩序罪"的自由裁量权;美国在对法官人身安全的立法保护、司法保护和行政保护,都详细具体、得到落实并效果卓著。然后简要介绍一些大陆法国家的有关制度和成文法规则,并总结从域外国家法官人身安全的保障制度中得到的启示。第四部分:阐述完善我国法官人身安全保障制度的建议。基于我国自身的国情、现状和通过对外国相关法律制度的借鉴和参考,本文认为可以从立法、司法、行政和公民法制教育等多个方面进行改善。今年二月初最高法发布的《人民法院落实保护司法人员依法履行法定职责规定的实施办法》,在很多方面做出了具体的规定,总体上是非常值得肯定和期待的,但有的方面仍然没有实质性的突破。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the construction of rule of law in our country continues to advance, the degree of social civilization is improved, the judicial environment is getting better and better, and great progress has taken place in the professional specialization and job security of judges. However, with the reform and development of economy and society, Contradictions and disputes arising in the production and life of the people have also increased rapidly. As state organs that resolve social disputes, the courts have basically assumed an increasing trend and complexity in the cases accepted in recent years. On the one hand, the professional pressure of judges is enormous; on the other hand, The incidents of personal injury to judges occur frequently. In some cases, the parties to a case are obstructed because they do not want the judge to make a judgement contrary to their own expectations, obstructing the judge's trial work, or threatening to intimidate and harass the judge because he refuses to accept the sentence. Or slander, insult, falsely accuse the judge, or even spread the infringement to the judge's family. This not only infringes on the judge's personal safety, interferes with the judge's normal work, and seriously damages the human dignity of the personnel handling the case. At the same time, it also seriously undermines the judicial order and judicial authority. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, This paper is divided into four parts. The first part: brief introduction of the present situation and problems of the personal safety of judges in our country, focusing on the two murders of judges that occurred in the period less than one month between the beginning of this year. Referring to two relevant investigation reports of Zaozhuang City Intermediate people's Court in Shandong Province on 2006 and Guangzhou Intermediate people's Court in 2008, this paper summarizes and analyzes the current situation of personal security of judges in our country. The characteristics and problems reflected in the incident of harming the personal safety of judges. Part two: analysis of the main causes of the personal security of judges in China. Firstly, there is insufficient legislation to protect the personal safety of judges: < Law. The official law is very general. Vague; various "regulations" are complicated and the key points are not clear; the provisions of the "Criminal Law" are inadequate; and the improvement of the "Amendment (9) > of the Criminal Law is still limited." in addition, the safeguards for the administration of justice are not in place. The judicial police and public security organs cannot effectively protect judges outside the court, and there are still some social practical reasons, mainly because some of the parties concerned lack the spirit of abiding by the law, fail to abide by the law, and respect judges. The third part: this chapter focuses on the system of protecting the personal safety of judges, and briefly summarizes the system design of "contempt of court" in Britain, which is widely imitated and used for reference. And the most experienced measures in the United States on the issue of improving the personal security of judges. Britain formulates "contempt of court" to ensure the personal safety of judges, and gives judges the discretion to decide "crimes of disturbing the court order"; The legislative, judicial and administrative protection of the personal security of judges in the United States is detailed, concrete, implemented and effective. Then it briefly introduces the relevant systems and statutory rules of some continental law countries. And summarizes the enlightenment gained from the safeguard system of the personal safety of judges in foreign countries. Part 4th: expounds the suggestions of perfecting the system of safeguarding the personal safety of judges in our country, based on the national conditions of our country, Based on the current situation and the reference to the relevant foreign legal systems, this paper holds that legislation and judicature can be used for reference. In early February this year, the Supreme Law promulgated the "implementation measures of the people's Court to implement the provisions on protecting Judicial personnel from carrying out their legal duties in accordance with the Law", and made specific provisions in many aspects. Overall is very worthy of affirmation and expectation, but there are still no substantive breakthrough.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D926.2

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