台湾司法独立的实现及其对大陆的启示

发布时间：2018-04-04 01:17

本文选题：司法独立　切入点：政治转型　出处：《华中师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：2009年9月11日,台湾地区前“总统”陈水扁因贪腐被判无期徒刑,2010年6月11日改判为20年徒刑。这是中华民族有史以来第一次以法律和证据,将一个前最高掌权者绳之以法,是一件非常了不起的事情。尽管绿营一再宣称针对陈水扁及其家族的起诉是政治迫害,但经过历时三年、数次开庭的拉锯战,终于有了一个大快人心的结局。扁案从总体上显示了台湾司法的公正与独立。在威权时代的台湾,司法沦为国民党镇压异己的工具,经过二十年的司法改革,终于建立起超越于党派纷争,能够抵抗行政权恣意侵蚀的司法,其在法治方面的进步值得大陆学习。大陆与台湾同宗同源,均属于儒家文化圈,均经历了大规模的法律移植与继承,都属于大陆法系,均发展了外向型的市场经济,均经历了威权政治,因此,台湾的成功经验对大陆的司法改革有一定的参考价值。本文从政治转型、经济转型、法律职业共同体之成熟和制度建设等四个方面比较了台湾与大陆实现司法独立的艰难过程,并针对二者的异同就大陆实现司法独立的路径提出了建议。本文分为四部分：第一部分首先解释了司法独立的概念,大体上司法独立可以分为对外独立和内部独立。其次分析了司法独立的价值,并对台湾与大陆司法独立的现状作了简要概述,最后对台湾的司法制度作了简要介绍。司法独立作为一项重要的宪政原则,是抵抗行政权的肆意扩张,保障人权之必需。第二部分主要从政治转型、经济转型、法律职业共同体之成熟和制度建设四个方面论述了台湾实现司法独立的宏观背景和制度变迁。司法的进步离不开政治大环境的影响,也与经济水平息息相关,同时司法人员的素质直接关系着审判独立的实现程度。制度建设离不开各界人士的推动和掌权者的开明,因此,当宏观环境改变的时候,加上实务界的觉醒和民间力量的推动,台湾的司法改革如火如荼地展开了,并在司法独立方面取得了相当大的进步。第三部分针对台湾地区实现司法独立的促成因素,对大陆相关方面做了考察,。大陆由于特殊的政治生态和苏联司法制度的深远影响,实现司法独立的过程更为艰难。第四部分就大陆实现司法独立的路径提出了建议。政治体制改革包括党内民主、人大制度的改革和逐步实现直接选举。经济转型包括国企退出竞争性领域,减少价格干预等。此外应继续提升司法人员的素质。制度建设包括预算独立,改善党对司法工作的领导,法院内部工作制度的改革等等。
[Abstract]:On September 11, 2009, former "President" Chen Shuibian of Taiwan was sentenced to life imprisonment for corruption and commuted to 20 years' imprisonment on June 11, 2010.For the first time in the history of the Chinese nation, it is a great thing to bring to justice a former supreme authority on the basis of law and evidence.Despite repeated claims by the Green Camp that the prosecution against Chen Shuibian and his family was political persecution, a series of seesaw battles, which took three years and several court sessions, has finally come to a happy conclusion.The Bian case shows the impartiality and independence of Taiwan's judicial system as a whole.In the authoritarian era of Taiwan, the judiciary was reduced to a tool for the Kuomintang to suppress dissidents. After 20 years of judicial reform, it finally established a judiciary that transcends partisan disputes and can resist arbitrary erosion of executive power.Its progress in the rule of law is worth learning from the mainland.The mainland and Taiwan share the same ancestry, belong to the Confucian cultural circle, have experienced a large-scale legal transplant and inheritance, belong to the continental law system, have developed an export-oriented market economy, and have experienced authoritarian politics.The successful experience of Taiwan has certain reference value to the judicial reform of the mainland.This paper compares the difficult process of judicial independence between Taiwan and mainland China from four aspects: political transition, economic transformation, maturity of legal professional community and system construction.According to their similarities and differences, the paper puts forward some suggestions on how to realize judicial independence in mainland China.This paper is divided into four parts:The first part explains the concept of judicial independence, which can be divided into external independence and internal independence.Secondly, it analyzes the value of judicial independence, and gives a brief overview of the current situation of judicial independence between Taiwan and the mainland, and finally briefly introduces the judicial system of Taiwan.Judicial independence, as an important constitutional principle, is necessary to resist the wanton expansion of executive power and protect human rights.The second part mainly discusses the macro-background and institutional changes of judicial independence in Taiwan from four aspects: political transformation, economic transformation, maturity of legal professional community and system construction.Judicial progress can not be separated from the influence of the political environment, but also closely related to the economic level, at the same time, the quality of judicial personnel is directly related to the degree of the realization of judicial independence.The construction of the system cannot be separated from the promotion of people from all walks of life and the enlightened power of those in power. Therefore, when the macro environment changes, the awakening of the practical circles and the promotion of the folk forces, Taiwan's judicial reform is in full swing.And has made considerable progress in the independence of the judiciary.The third part makes an investigation on the relevant aspects of the mainland in view of the contributing factors of the judicial independence in Taiwan.Because of the special political ecology and the far-reaching influence of Soviet judicial system, the process of realizing judicial independence in mainland China is more difficult.The fourth part puts forward some suggestions on the way to realize judicial independence in mainland China.The reform of the political system includes democracy within the Party, the reform of the NPC system and the gradual realization of direct elections.Economic transformation includes the withdrawal of state-owned enterprises from competitive areas, reducing price intervention and so on.In addition, we should continue to improve the quality of judicial personnel.System construction includes budget independence, improving the party's leadership over judicial work, reform of internal court work system, and so on.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D926

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