论我国陪审制度的完善

发布时间：2018-04-15 01:28

本文选题：陪审制度 + 参审制　；参考：《郑州大学》2006年硕士论文

【摘要】：陪审制度作为保障人民直接参与司法审判的制度设计，在我国经过存、废之争后，在审判实践中进一步得到加强。全国人大常委会于2004年8月28日颁布了《关于完善人民陪审员制度的决定》(以下简称《决定》)。《决定》的颁布实施使人民陪审员制度在我国审判实践中进一步得到规范。我国正处于法治建设的重要历史时期，司法在社会中的作用日益突显，陪审员制度作为司法上一项重要的民主政治制度，对强化司法权威，取得司法信任，，具有重大意义。陪审制度是指法院在进行审判案件时，吸收非法律职业者参加法庭审判，与法官共同行使审判权的制度。陪审制度的理论渊源是“同类人审判”观念的直接体现。由非法律职业者参与案件的审判是陪审制度的基本特征。陪审制度一直是与民主相伴而生的。古希腊是民主的发源地，也是陪审制度的发源地。陪审制度后经法国传至英国并进一步发扬光大。美国承袭了英国的陪审团制度并将适用范围逐步扩大。大陆法系法、德虽然也吸取了英国陪审团制度的经验，但基于政治、历史等原因，其陪审制度与英美法系相比较有很大差异，具有其自身鲜明的特点。我国的陪审制度真正确立是在第二次国内革命战争时期，主要沿袭的是前苏联的模式，虽然在名称上称为“陪审”但与英美国家的陪审制完全不同，其在形式与实质上是大陆法系的参审制。作为保障普通公民参与审判，体现司法公正的基本制度，英美法系的陪审团制和大陆法系的参审制之所以在西方社会中历百余年而不衰，除了具备深厚的社会、文化和法律基础之外，陪审制度所拥有的司法民主、司法独立、司法公正、司法监督等价值也是其具有持久魅力的重要原因之一。从世界各国的发展史中可以看到，吸收公民直接参与国家司法活动，发挥公民在司法活动中的积极作用，被认为是一个国家司法民主的重要标志。大陆法系和英美法系陪审团制的微观设计虽然迥异，但它们也有着许多共同之处，就陪审制度的功能而言，维护社会正义、缓和社会矛盾、追求诉讼公正。这些共同之处在一定程度上反映了陪审制度的精神实质，是我们在借鉴陪审制度时必须把握的要点。通过借鉴两大法系的经验，从程序公正的价值目标出发，在总结我国多年来实行人民陪审制的历史经验和教训的基础上，结合我国的国情，从立法的角度来
[Abstract]:The jury system, as a system design to guarantee the people's direct participation in the judicial trial, has been further strengthened in the trial practice after the existence and abolition of the dispute in our country.On August 28, 2004, the standing Committee of the National people's Congress promulgated the decision on perfecting the people's jury system (hereinafter referred to as "decision"). The promulgation and implementation of the "decision" made the system of people's assessors more standardized in our country's trial practice.Our country is in the important historical period of the construction of the rule of law, the function of the judicature in the society is increasingly prominent. As an important democratic political system in the judicature, the juror system is of great significance to strengthen the judicial authority and gain the judicial trust.The jury system refers to the system in which the court absorbs the non-legal professionals to participate in the court trial and exercises the judicial power together with the judge.The theoretical origin of the jury system is the direct embodiment of the concept of "trial of the same kind".The trial of cases by non-legal professionals is the basic characteristic of jury system.The jury system has always been accompanied by democracy.Ancient Greece was the birthplace of democracy and also the birthplace of jury system.The jury system was spread to the United Kingdom through France and further developed.The United States inherited the British jury system and gradually expanded its scope of application.Although Germany has also absorbed the experience of the British jury system in the civil law system, its jury system is quite different from that of the Anglo-American law system for political and historical reasons, and has its own distinctive characteristics.The jury system in our country was really established during the second civil revolutionary war, and it followed the pattern of the former Soviet Union. Although it is called "jury" in name, it is completely different from the jury system in Anglo-American countries.In form and substance, it is the system of civil law system.As a basic system of ensuring the participation of ordinary citizens in trials and embodying judicial justice, the jury system in Anglo-American law system and the joint-trial system in continental law system have survived for more than a hundred years in the western society, apart from having a profound society.In addition to the cultural and legal basis, the value of judicial democracy, judicial independence, judicial justice and judicial supervision is one of the important reasons for the lasting charm of the jury system.It can be seen from the history of the development of countries in the world that it is regarded as an important symbol of a country's judicial democracy to absorb citizens directly to participate in national judicial activities and to play a positive role in judicial activities.Although the micro-design of jury system in civil law system and common law system is very different, they also have many common points. In terms of the function of jury system, we should safeguard social justice, ease social contradiction and pursue litigation justice.To a certain extent, these common points reflect the spiritual essence of jury system, and are the key points that we must grasp when we draw lessons from jury system.Through drawing lessons from the experience of the two legal systems, proceeding from the value goal of procedural justice, on the basis of summing up the historical experience and lessons of implementing the people's jury system in our country for many years, combining the national conditions of our country, and from the angle of legislation,
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：D926.2

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