地方法院司法职权优化配置研究

发布时间：2018-04-23 09:52

本文选题：司法改革 + 司法职权　；参考：《华东政法大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：人民法院的改革是我国司法改革的重要组成部分。为了贯彻党确定的依法治国基本方略,积极稳妥地推进人民法院改革,最高人民法院自1999年开始制定并颁布《人民法院五年改革纲要》。第一、第二个五年改革纲要所制定的任务都已基本完成,这有力地促进和规范了全国法院司法改革工作。而随着我国依法治国进程不断深入,司法在国家政治经济生活中的地位和作用日益凸显,党对人民对司法工作也提出了更高要求。因此必须不断实现改革创新。党的十七大从全面落实依法治国基本方略、加快建设社会主义法治国家的战略高度,作出了深化司法体制改革的重要部署。其中,优化司法职权配置是深化司法体制改革的核心内容,是建设公正高效权威的社会主义司法制度的关键所在。为贯彻党的十七大精神,落实中央关于深化司法体制和工作机制改革的总体要求,维护社会公平正义,满足人民群众对司法工作的新要求、新期待,实现人民法院科学发展,最高人民法院制定并颁布了《人民法院第三个五年改革纲要(2009-2013)》,其主要任务与核心内容是优化人民法院司法职权配置。这也意味着司法改革运动已经沿着庭审方式的改革——诉讼制度的修正——司法体制的转型这一路径展开。而司法职权配置必须具备正当性基础,司法结构的现行状态决定了司法主体在行使司法权过程中所受到的外部关系的限制和制约,在处理与执政党、权力机关、行政机关之间的关系时尚不能实现完全的司法独立。在司法机关内部,由于长期受行政化领导的影响,合议庭责任弱化、法官审判职责受到干涉,因此有必要明确职权责任。司法职权之所以要优化配置,宏观目标当然在于建立公正高效权威的司法制度,现实目标就在于解决公正与效率的衡平、在于准确把握司法独立与司法民主之间的关系以及实现权力制衡与权责一致,以制度及制度运作的优化实现司法的价值。怎样实现司法职权优化配置,这在司法改革的进程中是关键问题的关键所在。我们的总体思路在于改革完善现行外部体制、改革完善现行内部体制以及改革完善管理制度。细化而言,就是在处理外部结构体制关系时,我们应当于找准司法在宪政制度中的地位的基础上,正确处理与执政党、权力机关、行政机关的关系,努力实现司法独立权；在完善现行内部体制过程中,必须明确法院的职权定位,建构以司法审判为中心的职权结构,优化司法管理权的职权体系,完善技术部门建设。而审判管理制度体系的建构是一个通过设置合理的程序规程并结合司法活动内在的规律来实现审判的高效率和高效果的动态过程,厘清审判管理权能、建构审判管理制度体系、回应审判实践中的现实需求,是司法职权优化配置切实可行的思路与路径。
[Abstract]:The reform of the people's court is an important part of the judicial reform in our country. In order to carry out the basic strategy of governing the country according to law as defined by the Party and to actively and steadily promote the reform of the people's court, the Supreme people's Court has formulated and promulgated the "Five-year Reform outline of the people's Court" since 1999. First, the tasks laid down in the second five-year reform outline have been basically completed, which has been able to promote and standardize the judicial reform of the national courts. With the deepening of the process of ruling the country according to law, the position and function of the judiciary in the political and economic life of the country are increasingly prominent, and the Party has put forward higher requirements to the judicial work. Therefore, we must constantly realize reform and innovation. The Seventeenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China made an important plan to deepen the reform of the judicial system from the strategic height of comprehensively implementing the basic strategy of governing the country according to law and speeding up the construction of a socialist country ruled by law. Among them, optimizing the allocation of judicial authority is the core content of deepening the reform of judicial system, and the key to building a fair, efficient and authoritative socialist judicial system. In order to implement the spirit of the 17th National Congress of the Party, implement the general requirements of the Central Committee on deepening the reform of the judicial system and working mechanism, safeguard social fairness and justice, meet the new demands and expectations of the people on judicial work, and realize the scientific development of the people's courts, The Supreme people's Court formulated and promulgated the third Five-Year Reform outline of the people's Court 2009-2013, the main task and core of which is to optimize the judicial authority of the people's Court. This also means that the judicial reform movement has begun along the path of the reform of the trial mode-the revision of the litigation system-the transformation of the judicial system. The allocation of judicial functions and powers must have the basis of legitimacy, the current state of the judicial structure determines the restriction and restriction of the external relations of the judicial subject in the process of exercising judicial power, and it deals with the ruling party and the power organ. The relationship between administrative organs can not achieve complete judicial independence. In the judicial organs, due to the influence of the administrative leadership for a long time, the responsibility of the collegial panel is weakened, and the judicial duties of the judges are interfered, so it is necessary to make clear the responsibilities of powers and powers. The reason for the optimal allocation of judicial functions and powers is, of course, the macro objective is to establish a fair, efficient and authoritative judicial system, and the realistic goal is to balance justice and efficiency. It lies in accurately grasping the relationship between judicial independence and judicial democracy and realizing the balance of power and the consistency of power and responsibility, and realizing the value of justice by optimizing the operation of system and system. How to optimize the allocation of judicial functions and powers is the key problem in the process of judicial reform. Our general idea is to reform and perfect the current external system, to reform and perfect the current internal system and to reform and perfect the management system. In detail, when dealing with the external structural system, we should correctly handle the relationship with the ruling party, the power organ and the administrative organ on the basis of finding out the position of the judicature in the constitutional system, and make great efforts to realize the judicial independence right. In the process of perfecting the current internal system, it is necessary to define the position of the court's authority, construct the power structure centered on the administration of justice, optimize the authority system of the judicial management power, and perfect the construction of the technical department. The construction of trial management system is a dynamic process of realizing the high efficiency and high effect of trial by setting up reasonable procedure rules and combining with the inherent law of judicial activities, clarifying the power of trial management and constructing the system of trial management system. Responding to the practical needs in trial practice is a feasible way to optimize the allocation of judicial authority.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D926.2

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