中国法庭调解话语博弈研究

发布时间：2018-05-24 04:50

本文选题：法庭调解话语 + 调解话语空间　；参考：《华中师范大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：法庭调解作为民事诉讼程序中不可缺少的环节,贯穿于整个民事诉讼程序中,在“大调解”“大信访”格局下化解矛盾纠纷、构建和谐社会中扮演着重要作用和地位。调解的过程是话语使用的过程。调解话语贯穿于整个调解过程,贯穿矛盾纠纷化解的始终,构成法庭调解活动的全部。作为一种机构性话语,法庭调解话语主要是通过调解参与者调解话语表达、领悟和互动,实现沟通,呈现其独特的话语运作机制和话语使用策略。相对于法庭审判话语而言,法庭调解话语研究文献明显不足、关注不够、研究视野偏窄；调解话语运作机制和话语调解策略没有得到很好地描写、解释,导致中国“调审合一”司法体系下的法庭调解话语没有很好实现其化解纠纷、构建和谐社会的功能和作用。本文基于收集真实的法庭调解话语语料,以法庭调解话语为研究对象,在文献梳理、整合语言博弈观、适应观和目的观的基础上,建构调解话语目的博弈论的理论框架,结合法庭调解活动特点,对法庭调解话语运作机制和使用现状进行定性描写、阐释和规范建构。本文重点探讨法庭调解话语博弈机制,建构法庭调解话语博弈空间,描写法庭调解活动蕴含的博弈模型,从调解话语目的的表达、反应和互动过程对法庭调解话语目的博弈进行分析和阐释,加深对法庭调解话语运作机制的理解,更好地服务于法庭调解活动,实现“大调解”格局下法庭调解活动的司法作用和社会效果；从调解话语博弈视角宏观上建构法庭调解话语博弈策略,揭示法庭调解话语在法庭调解活动话语运作机制和调解话语策略使用现状,为当前社会倡导通过“大调解”格局来实现社会矛盾纠纷化解、构建和谐社会。本文研究内容简单概括如下：第一章导论部分。主要分两小节,第一小节首先概述调解、调解制度、法庭调解的含义、性质、价值、结构、功能,简要勾勒出作为一种司法活动的法庭调解话语宏观和微观结构、调解话语行为特征、类别和法庭调解话语的交际语境特征等,以及对法庭调解话语研究的启示等内容；第二小节重点介绍了本研究相关内容以及本研究的概况,包括所采用的语料,研究问题、研究目标、研究内容、研究关键问题、难点和重点、研究方法、研究特色和创新点以及本研究的研究意义。第二章对本研究的法庭调解话语研究的国内外研究现状进行文献综述。从法学取向和语言学取向两个维度梳理了国内外法庭调解话语研究方面所取得的成就和不足,进行简要述评并厘清本文要研究和解决的问题。第三章基于前文梳理的研究现状和法庭调解话语运作特点,建构本文研究的理论框架：法庭调解话语目的博弈论。首先,本章对博弈论的定义、起源、前提假设、要素和分类的相关内容进行了介绍；然后结合法庭调解话语交际的相关语言观进行述评,重点梳理了语言博弈观视角下的语言博弈论、交际博弈论和语用博弈论,语言适应观视角下的言语调节论、语言顺应论和语用调节论,以及语言目的观视角下目的原则指导的话语目的分析和目的交际模式研究,进而整合本文研究的理论框架：法庭调解话语目的博弈论。该理论框架从法庭调解博弈理据、法庭调解话语目的和法庭调解话语目的博弈三个方面,结合法庭调解话语博弈的特点,建构调解话语目的表达、领悟和实现三个层面的话语目的博弈,为下文从法庭调解话语目的博弈视角描写和阐释法庭调解话语奠定了理论指导和分析基础。第四章构建法庭调解话语空间博弈模型。众所周知,法庭调解话语博弈的前提和基础是法庭调解必须具有可调解的空间。否则,法庭调解不可能进行,法庭调解话语空间也不复存在。基于任何话语活动类型受制于特定的情景-物理、认知-心理和社会-文化诸因素的思考,本文建构起法庭调解可调解的话语博弈空间模型,包括可调解的物理、心理和社交话语博弈空间；并根据法庭调解活动的四个阶段,即纠纷导入、纠纷陈述、纠纷协商和纠纷化解阶段法庭调解话语实例进行了法庭调解话语博弈空间模型的分析和验证。第五章挖掘法庭调解活动蕴含博弈思想并对法庭调解活动博弈模型进行描写。本章分成两小节,第一节重点介绍博弈论中三个经典博弈模型：“囚徒困境”博弈模型(Prisoners'Dilemma Game Model)、“智猪博弈模型”(Clever Pig's Game Model)和“斗鸡博弈模型’'(Hens'Challenging Game Model),以及由“囚徒困境”博弈模型衍生出的两个博弈模型“情侣博弈模型”(Lovers' Game Model)和“猎鹿困境博弈模型”(Stag Hunt dilemma);第二节结合法庭调解话语交际活动真实调解话语语料,对法庭调解纠纷导入、陈述、协商和化解四个阶段的调解话语博弈实例进行描写,为下文从法庭调解话语目的博弈论视角阐释法庭调解话语博弈奠定基础。第六章法庭调解话语目的博弈阐释。本章基于调解话语博弈论对法庭调解话语表达、反应和互动三个层面进行了目的性阐释,指出法庭调解话语博弈实质上是调解参与者围绕调解话语目的和意图进行博弈的过程。本章主要分为两小节,第一小节基于目的原则指导下的交际模式和目的分析理论,认为法庭调解话语交际本质上是具有很强任务型、目的导向性话语策略的交际活动,对法庭调解话语目的从话语目的表达、反应和互动三个层面结合法庭调解话语语料进行分析；第二小节从法庭调解话语目的博弈论视角,从调解话语目的表达、反应和互动三个层面的话语目的博弈机制,结合调解话语语料进行分析和阐释,认为法庭调解活动实质上就是参与调解的双方在调解目的驱动下受话人针对发话人话语目的表达理解、话语目的领悟和话语目的采纳在话语(发话行为、行使行为和取效行为)的三个层面进行话语博弈,追求各自调解最大效用的过程。第七章构建法庭调解话语策略博弈。在前文描写、分析和解释基础上,本章针对法庭调解话语博弈的特点,从宏观上建构法庭调解话语博弈的调解策略构建,包括调解话语问答互动、合作型、礼貌型、顺应型、隐性说服型调解话语博弈策略,旨在规范调解话语策略运用,把握调解话语博弈运作机制、实现话语博弈效用最大化。第八章结论部分。本章对全文作出总结,并说明了本研究的贡献、创新、局限以及对未来深入研究的展望。本文贡献与创新主要体现在：收集一手大量宝贵的法庭调解话语语料；运用基于真实语料定性研究方法；结合法庭调解话语运用特点,借鉴经济学领域的博弈论思想,在梳理文献基础上整合出法庭调解话语目的博弈论理论框架；从话语目的博弈视角对法庭调解话语进行描写、阐释和规范构建,拓宽了机构性话语类型研究范围,加深了法庭调解话语运作机制的理解和认识,扩大了汉语机构性话语研究的视野。本文研究结论对于法庭话语、语用学和话语分析的研究以及如何化解纠纷、构建和谐社会的法庭调解这一司法实践具有重要的启示和借鉴作用。
[Abstract]:As an institutional discourse , the mediation discourse of the court plays an important role and position in the construction of a harmonious society . As a kind of institutional discourse , the mediation discourse of the court is the whole of the mediation activities of the court . As a institutional discourse , the mediation discourse of the court is mainly through the mediation of the participants ' mediation of the expression of discourse , understanding and interaction , the realization of communication , the presentation of its unique discourse operation mechanism and the discourse usage strategy .
Mediation discourse operation mechanism and discourse mediation strategy have not been described and explained well , which leads to the failure of court mediation in the judicial system of " one - in - one " judicial system to resolve disputes and construct the function and function of harmonious society .

Based on the collection of authentic court mediation discourse corpus , based on the court mediation discourse as the research object , the paper tries to construct the theory framework of the game theory of mediation discourse , based on the literature review , the integration of language game view , the adaptation view and the purpose view . The paper focuses on the court mediation discourse game mechanism , constructs the court mediation discourse game space , describes the court mediation activities implication game model , deepen the understanding of the court mediation discourse operation mechanism , better serve the court mediation activities , and realize the judicial function and social effect of the court mediation activities in the pattern of " great mediation " ;
From the perspective of mediation discourse game , constructing court mediation discourse game strategy , revealing the current situation of court mediation discourse in court mediation activities discourse operation mechanism and mediation discourse strategy , providing the current social advocacy through " big mediation " pattern to realize social conflict resolution and constructing harmonious society . The research content of this paper is summarized as follows :

The first chapter introduces the meaning , nature , value , structure and function of mediation , mediation system and court mediation .
The second section focuses on the relevant content of the study and the general situation of the study , including the corpus , research questions , research objectives , research contents , key issues , difficulties and key points , research methods , research features and innovation points , and the research significance of this study .

In the second chapter , the author reviews the current situation of the research on mediation discourse at home and abroad , and reviews the achievements and shortcomings in the research of mediation discourse at home and abroad from two dimensions of legal orientation and linguistic orientation , and makes a brief review and clear the problems to be studied and solved in this paper .

In the third chapter , based on the current situation of the research and the characteristics of court mediation discourse operation , the paper constructs the theoretical framework of this paper : the game theory of court mediation discourse . Firstly , this chapter introduces the definition , origin , precondition hypothesis , element and classification of game theory ;
This paper makes a review on the relevant linguistic views of the communicative competence of the court mediation discourse , focusing on the language game theory , the communicative game theory and the pragmatic game theory , the speech adjustment theory , the language adaptation theory and the pragmatic adjustment theory in the view of language adaptation , as well as the objective analysis and the purpose communication mode research in the view of the language purpose .

In chapter four , the court mediation discourse space game model is constructed . It is well known that the premise and basis of the court mediation discourse game is that the court mediation must have the space that can be reconciled . Otherwise , the court mediation cannot be carried out , and the court mediation discourse space does not exist . Based on any discourse activity type subject to specific situation - physical , cognitive - psychological and social - cultural factors , this paper constructs a discourse game space model which can be reconciled by the court , including the intervable physical , psychological and social discourse game space ;
According to the four stages of court mediation activities , namely , dispute import , dispute statement , dispute negotiation and dispute settlement stage , the court mediation discourse example carries out the analysis and verification of court mediation discourse game space model .

The fifth chapter describes the game theory of the court mediation activities and describes the game model of the court mediation activities . The chapter is divided into two sections . The first section focuses on three classical game models : " prisoner dilemma " game model , " Clever Pig ' s Game Model " and " game model " ( Stag Hunt Model ) .

This chapter is mainly divided into two sections , the first section is based on the communicative mode and the purpose analysis theory under the guidance of the objective principle , and it is believed that the communicative nature of the court mediation discourse is a communicative activity with a strong task type and a purpose - oriented discourse strategy , and the purpose of mediation discourse of the court is analyzed from the three aspects of expression , reaction and interaction of the discourse .
In the second section , from the perspective of the game theory of mediation discourse in court , the discourse purpose game mechanism of the three aspects of expression , response and interaction of mediation discourse is analyzed and explained .

Chapter 7 builds court mediation discourse strategy game . On the basis of description , analysis and explanation , this chapter constructs the mediation strategy of court mediation discourse game based on the characteristics of the court mediation discourse game , including the interactive , cooperative , politeness , compliance and implicit persuasion type mediation discourse game strategy , which aims to regulate the application of mediation discourse strategy , grasp the game operation mechanism of mediation discourse , and maximize the utility maximization of discourse game .

Chapter 8 Conclusions : This chapter summarizes the full text and illustrates the contribution , innovation , limitations of the study , as well as the prospects for further research in the future .

The contribution and innovation of this paper are mainly reflected in the collection of a large number of valuable court mediation discourse corpus ;
Using the qualitative research method based on real corpus ;
In the light of the characteristics of court mediation discourse , the game theory framework of court mediation discourse is integrated on the basis of combing the literature by reference to the game theory in the field of economics .
From the point of view of discourse , the description , interpretation and normative construction of the court ' s mediation discourse has broadened the scope of the research of institutional discourse type , deepened the understanding and understanding of the mechanism of discourse operation of the court , and expanded the field of view of the research of Chinese institutional discourse . The conclusion is of great inspiration and reference for the research of the court discourse , pragmatics and discourse analysis and how to resolve the dispute and construct a harmonious society .
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D926.2;H136

【参考文献】